Records of the Virginia Company of London

EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND BIBLIOGRAPHY, BY SUSAN MYRA KINGSBURY, A. M., Ph. D. INSTRUCTOR IN HISTORY AND ECONOMICS SIMMONS COLLEGE

PREFACE BY HERBERT LEVI OSGOOD, A. M., Ph. D. PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN HISTORY IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

WASHINGTON, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1906, 47131 L. C. card, 6-35006

In my report for 1904 I gave the reasons in favor of the printing by the Library of this and of similar unpublished manuscript records in its possession. It would save excessive wear and tear upon the originals; it would enable the texts to be studied by investigators who can not come to Washington; and it would encourage that thorough, detailed, and continuing study of them which their value and interest and a proper understanding of American history require. These reasons apply with peculiar force to the Records of the Virginia Company, unique in themselves and unique of their kind, and an additional one, in their case influential; that publication would make them available to persons who would not master the difficult chirography of the original.

Their history is fully told in the Introduction by Miss Kingsbury, and their importance as a document emphasized in the Preface by Professor Osgood. Previous efforts to secure their publication in extenso had not been successful. The present one originated in a proposal by Professor Osgood in behalf of the Public Archives Commission of the American Historical Association to edit them as a contribution to one of the Annual Reports of the Association; and although the work as issued is an independent publication of the Library, it has had the benefit of his expert counsel. It was at his instance also that Miss Kingsbury, then a graduate student in his department at Columbia, began the undertaking which she has so well accomplished, and which has consisted (1) in a complete transcript of the text itself; (2) in a close study not merely of this but of the numerous collateral and subsidiary documents both here and abroad; (3) in the preparation of the Introduction, Notes, Bibliography, and Index; and (4) in aid upon the proof. The proof has also, however, been read word for word with the original text, and revised by the Chief of the Division of Manuscripts, with the excellent assistance of Miss Minnie V. Stinson of that Division.

Herbert Putnam Librarian of Congress Worthington Chauncey Ford Chief, Division of Manuscripts

The records, and especially the Court Book, of the Virginia Company of London have long been regarded as among the most precious manuscript treasures which have found a lodgment within the United States. Not only is their inherent value as an historical source very great, as has been explained by the editor in her introduction, but a sentimental value also attaches to them. This has a twofold origin. It arises, in the first place, from the fact that they belong at once to the romantic period of our own beginnings and to the heroic period of England's great struggle against absolutism. The men who figure in the pages of this record were at the same time playing their parts, on the one side or the other, in the controversies which were then beginning with James I, and which were to broaden and deepen under his son till England was plunged into the agonies of the great civil war. They were contemporaries, and in not a few cases associates, of Coke and Eliot and Hampden, of Bacon and Wentworth and Buckingham. The names of Sandys and the Ferrars stand high on the roll of patriots by which the first generation of the Stuart period is distinguished. These same men also, together with a long list of the merchants and nobles of the time, were deeply interested in discovery and colonization. As successors of Gilbert and Raleigh they were planting a new England beyond the Atlantic. About this enterprise still clung some of the spirit and memories of the Elizabethan seamen and their early struggles with Spain. In the days when Smythe and Sandys were active the prosaic age of English colonization had not yet begun. The glamour of romance, of the heroic, attaches to the founding of Virginia and Plymouth, and makes them fit subjects for the poet. By the time when the other colonies were founded the glow and inspiration had grown faint or wholly disappeared. In the Records of the Virginia Company some reflection may be seen of this early zeal, of the plans and ideals to which it gave rise. Even their pages, cast in a style which is quite unusual in records of this nature, make one realize that he is in the company of noble and earnest spirits, men who were conscious that they were engaged in a great enterprise. The Court Book itself, now that it is printed in full, will be found to be a worthy monument of English speech, as it was used at the close of the Elizabethan epoch and by contemporaries of Shakespeare and Bacon.

The fate which probably befell the original of this record, and the unusual steps which it became necessary to take in order to secure and preserve a copy, were nat- ural consequences of the struggles of the time, and add still further to the interest of the text as we now possess it. Miss Kingsbury, by her use of the Ferrar papers, has been able to establish by the clearest proof the connection of Nicholas Ferrar with the transcription, and in many other ways she has added definiteness to the accounts usually given of the origin and preservation of the record as we now possess it. The transfer of the copy of the Court Book to Virginia and its transmission from hand to hand till, through the medium of Thomas Jefferson's library, it finally passed into the possession of Congress fittingly concludes the remarkable history of the preservation of this manuscript.

The high estimate which has been placed on its value is evidenced not only by the use that has been made of it by historians, but by the long-continued efforts which have been made to secure its publication. In 1858 Mr. J. Wingate Thornton, in an article in the "Historical Magazine," explained the nature of the Court Book, told how it had been preserved, and insisted upon the importance of its being published. "As these volumes are of national rather than of local interest," said he, "reaching back to the very foundation of the English companies for colonizing America; as they have escaped the chances and mishaps of two centuries, on either side of the Atlantic, ... and as Providence has now placed them in the keeping of our National Congress, is it not our national duty to have them appropriately edited and published?" The following year Mr. Thornton published a pamphlet in Boston, in which he outlined the history of the manuscript and again raised the question of its publication. But soon the Civil War came on, and plans of that kind, especially so far as they related to southern history, had to be postponed.

But in 1868, three years after the close of the war, Mr. Edward D. Neill pre- sented a memorial to Congress, in which he dwelt on the neglect by historians of these most valuable manuscripts. He stated that, while preparing his book entitled "Terra Mariae," he had familiarized himself with the chirography of the records. He now offered to undertake their editing without compensation, if he might be fur- nished with two copyists for a limited time and be allowed a small sum for stationery and contingent expenses. But this offer met with no response, and Mr. Neill was forced to content himself with the publication of extracts from the manuscript in his "History of the Virginia Company of London" (Albany, 1869).

In March, 1877, Mr. Robert A. Brock, of the Virginia Historical Society, pub- lished in the "Richmond Daily Dispatch" a "Plea for the Publication of the Records of the Virginia Company." In 1881 Senator John W. Johnston, of Virginia, intro- duced into Congress a bill which was intended to provide for the publication of the records. This passed the Senate, but failed in the House.

During three successive sessions between the years 1885 and 1888 Dr. J. Franklin Jameson applied to the Library Committee of Congress for permission to edit and publish the records without expense to the Government. His plan was to obtain a sufficient number of subscribers to justify the issue of the volumes by a private firm and to meet the cost of the sale. Another suggestion which he also made was the appointment of a commission which should concern itself with the publishing of historical material in the possession of Congress. While occupied with this matter Dr. Jameson explained the history and value of the records to the Rhode Island Historical Society, and his address was reviewed in the "Magazine of American History" (vol. 21, January–June, 1889, p. 82).

But meantime some progress had been made with the actual printing of the Court Book. Mr. Conway Robinson had made copious extracts from it, especially of the documentary material which is contained in the second volume. His extracts the Virginia Historical Society published in 1889, under the editorship of Mr. R. A. Brock. Until the present time this edition, in two volumes, has served the purpose of most students. But the requirements of historical study in this country have now reached a point where more complete and critical editions of the sources are needed than have been common in the past. If this need was to be met, it became at once apparent that no body of records was better adapted for a beginning than those which related to the Virginia Company of London. In date and subject matter they stand at the very threshold of American history. In character they form a distinct and unique group of material. By the issue of a definitive edition of these records the demand which scholars have so long made for their publication would be met and satisfied. It was under the influence of considerations like these that the present work was undertaken.

In the preparation of this body of records for the press critical accuracy and helpfulness have been sought in all possible ways. The spelling of the original has been carefully preserved throughout, for in editing a source of this character and importance any attempt to modernize the text would be properly regarded as unjusti- fiable. Not only has the spelling been preserved, but also the signs and abbrevia- tions which abound, the use of which the men of the period had inherited from still earlier times. So far as such a thing is possible in print, the text is exactly repro- duced in these volumes, while an added element of reality is supplied by the photo- graphs of specimen pages of the original manuscript.

Brief notes have been added where it was necessary to explain or call attention to obscurities, omissions, or other irregularities in the text, the purpose being to enable the reader to gain information of this kind from the printed page with the same certainty as if he were using the manuscript. In the notes, cross references have also been given to the documents of the company and to its publications, when they have been found to reproduce, or to illustrate and make more definite, the state- ments which are contained in the Court Book. In citations of this kind the number of each document is given as it appears in the List of Records in the Introduction. In this way the unity of the records of the company as a whole receives illustration, and the investigator will be aided in any effort which he may make to learn all which they have to reveal in reference to any subject. Finally, the index completes the invaluable service which Miss Kingsbury has rendered in the editorship of the work.

Herbert L. Osgood Columbia University

The individual effort which had revealed itself at the close of the medieval period in other phases of the economic development and in the military history of the past quarter century was especially prominent in the movement in 1606 for a society of adventurers to trade in Virginia. The commercial advance had been due chiefly to private enterprise, and the naval expeditions into the West Indies against the Spanish had been fitted out and prosecuted by such adventurous spirits as Sir Francis Drake, while the zeal for exploration and for gold, which inspired John and Sebastian Cabot to search for a passage to Cathay and the East Indies in 1497, led Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh a century later to seek out the resources of the lands from Florida to Newfoundland. It is the same spirit of adventure which inspired the narratives of John Smith and Henry Spelman as they told of their relations with the Indians of America. But it is in the progress of both the commercial and the political life of England that the Virginia Company is important. For the plantation founded and nourished by a private concern as an enterprise purely for gain was the social cause from which developed the colony as a form of government. Its political organization is seen in its relations to the Crown, of which there were two distinct phases. During the first three years it was distinctly a creature of the King, the affairs of which were conducted by the King through a council created by himself and responsible to himself, while to the investors were left the privileges of raising the funds, furnishing the supplies, and sending out the expeditions. It was a modification of this form of management to which the government reverted after the dissolution of the Company in 1624, and again at the end of the century when royal colonies were substituted for proprietary and corporate forms throughout America. In the second phase the undertakers became distinctly proprietary, retaining the commercial responsibilities, but assum- ing governmental functions in place of the King.

A comparison between the royal grants for discovery in the sixteenth century and those of the Virginia Company shows that there was an increase in the direct territorial relations between King and subject, a limitation upon monopoly of trade, and a tendency on the part of the Crown to retain directly or indirectly the powers of government. Thus, in the letters patent to Richard Warde, Thomas Ashehurst, and associates in 1501, a

Biddle, Cabot, Appendix, pp. 312, 314, for this charter.

Hakluyt, Principal Navigations, VIII, 17–23, 289–296.

Although the charter emphasizes the government of the plantation, the Virginia Company was purely a commercial enterprise conducted by a private concern, even before the charter of 1609, as is shown by the history of its early years. It was backed by the patronage of the King, but only for the purpose of advancing the trade of the Kingdom in foreign parts and saving the Crown from expense and responsi- bility, as had been the policy in regard to the other trading companies. Nevertheless, it was a step toward colonial expansion, for, as has well been said, "the explorer is potentially a colonizer," and the army of laborers on the plantation became in time an army of free tenants in a colony. c

Osgood, H. L., The American Colonies in the 17th Century, I, 83.

Thus in order to protect trade, but not for exploration and settlement, the ancient charters granted to the Merchant Adventurers in 1407 and 1462, and particularly the one of 1564, incorporated that company into a "Body Politick." The words of the grant declared its purpose to be "for the good Government, Rule and Order of the * * * Fellowship of Merchants Adventurers * * *. As also of all and every other of the subject of our heirs * * * using the seate of Trade of the said Merchants Adventurers * * *." a

Lingelbach, The Merchant Adventurers of England, 218–236 for extracts from the charters. The first two are published in Rymer, Foedera, and Hakluyt.

East India Company, Charters.

Cunningham, W., the Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times (edition of 1903), Part I, ch. VI, sec. VII.

As a prototype of the companies later incorporated both for discovery and trade, such as the Virginia Company, the Muscovy or Russian Company, known as the "Merchant Adventurers of England for the discoveries of lands and territories unknown," was established in 1555 with a joint stock of ¥6,000. Sebastian Cabot was appointed governor for life and with him was associated a board of directors of 4 consuls and 24 assistants. However, this company had also the rights of the compa- nies for exploration—that is, those of conquest, of acquiring lands, and of seizing the ships of any who should infringe on their monopoly of trade. d

See the patent in Hakluyt, II, 304–316. For full citation of the titles of printed works referred to in the notes, see the Bibliography, p. 212, post.

See "Articles set down by the Committees appointed in behalfe of the Company of muscovian Marchants to conferre with M. Carlile, upon his intended discoverie and attempt into the hither most parts of America," printed in Hakluyt, VIII, 147–150.

Apparently this plan of the Muscovy Company stands as a connecting link between the ideas of the explorer and those of the trader and the planter, a plan which may be said to have been carried out by the Virginia Company. It is significant that many of the members of the Virginia Company were men who had taken part in the expeditions of the late sixteenth century and had been interested in certain private voyages of exploration carried on during the five years preceding the receipt of its first charter, while most of the leaders of this company were at the same time stock- holders and even officers in the Muscovy Company, the Company of Merchant Adventurers, the East India Company, and later of the Turkey, the Guinea, and the African companies.

It is unnecessary to cite the charters of other companies or to search the history of the trading corporations of the sixteenth century in order to show that the Virginia Company was similar in character. But, like the Muscovy Company and the East India Company, it was established to carry on trade in new and uninhabited lands, and hence had the additional features of a company whose purpose was exploration and plantation. The latter characteristic appears more especially in the charter, the former in the instructions and correspondence of the entire period of its life. The object of its first undertakers was doubtless to search for minerals and for a route to the southwest, and to secure for trade the materials which were native and peculiar to those regions. The plantation was a necessity for this purpose, and incidentally, because of the character of the country, it was forced to become a colony. To estab- lish a settlement which should become a market for English goods, to advance the shipping, to spread the religion of the Kingdom were doubtless motives which aroused sympathy for the undertaking; but the arguments which brought investment were the opportunities for gain.

The position of the Virginia Company in the development of English exploration and trade was therefore important, and the study of its history is of value not only for the light which it throws on Virginia itself but for an understanding of the economic condition of England as well. Nor is this all. The few private records which remain of the Merchant Adventurers Company and those of the East India Company correspond so closely in form and in subject-matter to the court book of the Virginia Company that the similarity in form of organization and methods of conducting business is established. The fact that the private records, the books from which the knowledge of the actual financial transactions could be obtained, are missing in most cases, may prove that their loss in the case of the early Virginia Company is not due to intentional destruction, but to the general opinion of the period that such material was valueless.

The only other enterprise of which there is sufficient material for anything like an exhaustive study is the East India Company, and hence its records combine with those of the Virginia Company to supply a source of information concerning all of these companies. The conclusion seems valid, therefore, that the great mass of min- utes, orders, instructions, letters, and memoranda of the company for Virginia will aid in the interpretation of the comparatively few records of the earlier associations. The records of this company are necessary to enable one to comprehend the life of the other companies, as is its history to the understanding of their development.

It was during the life of the company that the plantation gradually assumed the aspects of a colony, that the settlement which was originally planned for exploration and the discovery of gold became a center for the development of the natural and agricultural resources of the surrounding country. The origin within the colony of the assembly, of local government, of private ownership of land, and of freedom of trade is to be found before the dissolution of the company by the Crown. There- fore the records of the company, as well as those of the colony, form the material through which the history of the beginnings of English colonies, viewed from the standpoint of the colonist, is to be gained.

Their value for the comprehension of the development of political institutions in England is not so patent. The growing correspondence between the Crown and the company and the interference in the acts of the company stand as evidence of the gradual increase of the interest of the Crown or its council in the undertaking. This interest was most apparent when the tobacco trade promised a revenue to the Crown, but the encouragement of the growth of other staple products, the spasmodic revival of acts touching English shipping and the balance of trade, and the main- tenance of staple ports in England are all new activities appearing in the records of the company. Throughout, also, is apparent the readiness to allow the already uncertain economic policy to be altered or nullified by the political relations with Spain, or because of moral or whimsical views.

The gradual definition of policy on the part of the Stuarts, perhaps first apparent under Charles I, is closely connected with the leaders of the Virginia Company. The opinions expressed in the courts of the company by the adherents both of the Puritan party and of the party of the Crown, the correspondence between the Privy Council and the company, the letters and memoranda concerning the company and its policy, and the story of the formation of the Sandys and the Warwick factions, resulting in the dissolution of the company, furnish evidence of the gradual development of the despotic attitude of the Stuarts, especially in their reach for revenue and in their repression of the principles of freedom. The appointment of the commissions to investigate the affairs of the company and the condition of the colony, the creation of a commission for the control of the colony after the overthrow of the charter, the later appointment of a committee of the Privy Council for the same purpose are all steps in the growth of a colonial system and of a colonial policy. Although the maturity of this system and policy is not reached until after the Commonwealth, the influence of the associates of James I and of Charles I is apparent.

Every phase of colonial development, from the mixed system which existed under the patent of 1606 to the chartered proprietary company after 1609 and the royal province after 1624, is here illustrated. The transition from the chartered to the Royal Government in 1624, the prelude to "the most important transition in American history previous to the colonial revolt," is only to be understood from these records, since the tendency to self-government in the colony is one of the pretended reasons for the overthrow of the company. All the steps of the change are to be traced in the royal correspondence, in the memoranda of the royal party, and in the record of the suit under the writ of quo warranto. The significance of such material is best understood from the fact that "the constitutional law and practice of the old colonial system has not yet been attempted to be known," and as yet no book has been written concerning the forms or functions of the British Government as employed in colonial administration.

In the year preceding the grant of a charter to the Virginia Company there had been movements along two lines for establishing plantations in Virginia, one by private investment and the other by royal patronage. Examples of the private interests are the enterprise of the Earl of Southampton in 1605 and that of Lord Zouch as set forth in his contract a

Printed in full in Brown, Genesis of the United States, I, 33–35.

The plan which obtained followed neither course, though it was bound to result in a modification of Popham's scheme. The motives of the grantees and the arguments which induced the King in 1606 to abandon the policy of Elizabeth and to give royal patronage to the undertaking, and even to assume royal control, are set forth in a petition presented to Parliament in 1606, entitled "Reasons for raising a publique stocke to be imploied in the discovering of such countries as may be found most convenient * * * ." b

Printed in full, Brown, Genesis, I, 36–42.

The royal aid as finally obtained for a colonial enterprise came in a somewhat different form. The letters patent to Sir Thomas Gates and others for plantations to be made in Virginia a

For a reprint of the letters patent, see Brown, Genesis, I, 52–62, or Poore's Constitutions.

Articles, Instructions and Orders for the government of the Colonies, November 20, 1606. Reprinted in Brown, Genesis, I, 64–75, from a manuscript record book in the register's office of Virginia. There is a manuscript copy in the Library of Congress, in the Virginia Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, pp. 25–33.

But the government of the colonies and of the territory of Virginia was reserved to the Crown through the council of thirteen for Virginia, which was to be appointed by the King and to reside in England. Instructions a

Printed in full, Brown, Genesis, I, 64–75.

The council in England nominated to the Crown the persons to whom lands were to be granted by the King. It had, in fact, the supervision of affairs, appointed the first council in Virginia, issued orders for the conduct of the first expedition under Captain Newport, b

See Certain Orders and Directions, December 10, 1606. Manuscript in the Library of Congress, Virginia Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, pp. 19–23. Reprinted in Brown, Genesis, 1, 75–79.

See Instructions by way of Advice, December, 1606. Manuscript in the Library of Congress, Vir- ginia Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, pp. 14–17. Reprinted in Brown, Genesis, 1, 79–85.

It is in this latter document that the first indication of the real motive of the undertaking is found. The orders laid down were to "make choice" of the river "which bendeth most toward the North-West, for that way you shall soonest find the other sea," while the choice of a healthy location, wise inter- course with the natives, and the fortification and preparation of a single settle- ment were emphasized. The chief objects, however, were to plant in a place which should be fitted "to receive the trade of all the countries about," to dis- cover minerals, and to find the passage to the western sea.

The loss of the records, both of the council and of the "companies" for trade, covering this period, leaves, as the only source of information, both for affairs in England and in Virginia, the narratives of the early settlers. Of these the most important are the reports of Captain Newport, and the relations of John Smith, of Edward Maria Wingfield, and of George Percy. a

See John Smith, A True Relation, 1608, reprinted in Arber, Works of John Smith, 1884; Discourse of Virginia, by Edward Maria Wingfield, printed in the Archaeologia Americana, IV, 77–103; Observa- tions gathered out of a Discourse of the Plantation * in Virginia * 1606, by George Percy, printed in Brown, Genesis, I, 152–168; and the following documents probably written by Captain Archer: A Relatyon of the Discovery of Our River, from James Forte into the maine: * * by Capt. Christopher Newport, 1607, printed in Archaeologia Americana, IV, 40–58; The Description of the now-discovered river and country of Virginia, printed in the Archaeologia Americana, IV, 59–62; A Brief Description of the People, printed in Archaeologia Americana, IV, 63–65.

The reports of Newport, Percy, Wingfield, and Smith encouraged the managers of the enterprise to continue their efforts, but proved that a change in object as well as in policy would be necessary. From Newport came descriptions of the fruitful- ness of the soil, of the quantities of fish and of timber, and of clay for making brick, and enumerations of the possible exports, comprising sturgeon, clapboard, wainscot, saxafrage, tobacco, dyes, furs, pitch, resin, turpentine, oils, wines, wood and soap ashes, iron, copper, pearls; but the reports as to the mines were vague. He declared that the country was rich in gold and copper, and took home with him earth to be assayed, while Smith, in A True Relation, states that he had been left to dig a rock which Captain Newport thought was a mine, but no mention of results is made.

The full description of the country by Newport and also by Captain John Smith gave the council a clear idea of its geography, as is indicated by the instructions to Sir Thomas Gates in 1609. But the expedition, which penetrated to a distance of 160 miles up the river, brought the explorers to hostile tribes and left the council still uncertain, though hopeful of the discovery of a passage to the south sea. Further- more, Captain Newport positively stated that there could be no commerce with the Indians, and all evidence shows that the natives were to be a resource for the neces- sities of life rather than for the exchange of lucrative objects of trade. Hence it is that the broadside which was issued by the company in 1609, b

Nova Britannia, printed February 18, 1609. This document is reprinted in Force's Tracts, I, No. 6.

But the effort to develop the resources of the country and to found a settlement for such purposes rather than for exploration required larger investments and more men. Then, too, the regulation of the affairs of the colony without any control from the council in England meant continued jealousies and quarrels among such a small number of colonists and under such unsettled conditions. According to Wingfield the provisions for defense seem to have been insufficient, the magazine was mismanaged, and the relations with the Indians were strained. To John Smith must be attributed the wisdom of foreseeing the necessity of strong support from England and of the establishment of permanent colonial settlements and the develop- ment of the country for self-support. a

For a history of the organization of the company and of the founding of the colony, see Osgood, I, Chs. i-iv.

The fact that the source of authority before 1609 was in the Crown is nowhere so clearly evidenced as in the records themselves. The fundamental documents emanated from the King and his Council or from the council for Virginia representing the royal authority, all instructions to officers bore the sign manual and all letters and reports from Captain Newport, from Edward- Maria Wingfield, and from his associates were addressed to the council for Virginia. Furthermore, the president and council appeared in the name of the Crown as the plaintiffs in a suit by which an attempt was made to enforce the contract with the master of the "Guift of God" for supplying provisions to the passengers in a voyage to North Virginia. b

Bibliographical List of the Records of the Virginia Company, post, p. 121, No. 7.

List of Records, p. 121, Nos. 5, 6.

The commercial status of the undertaking is more difficult to determine than the political. That the company was organized for the purpose of exploration and trade has been proved, but whether the control of trade was vested in the council or in companies or groups of undertakers is uncertain. The exact relation of the council to the plantation and of the Crown to the enterprise must have been stated in the court book, in which were kept the records of the acts of the council and perhaps of the companies for the administration of trade. This book, covering the period from the 28th of January, 1606, to the 14th of February, 1615, was in the possession of the company as late as 1623, but unfortunately no trace of the book has yet been discovered and even its existence has heretofore been unknown. a

When the Privy Council demanded the records of the company, a receipt bearing the date April 21, 1623, was given to the secretary of the company for the "several court books." This document was discovered by the Editor among the Ferrar papers, Magdalene College, Cambridge, in December 1903. See List of Records, p. 171, No. 470.

Whatever may have been the source of control, the narrations of Captain Percy, Edward-Maria Wingfield, and Captain Newport indicate that the business of the company consisted chiefly in raising funds and equipping expeditions to be sent to Virginia under Captain Newport. This failure of the investment to bring in returns of gold and silver and of articles for trade, or to accomplish anything in the way of discovery of trade routes to the East Indies during the first three years, served to convince both King and undertakers that a change in method of control was essential. The document known as "Reasons against publishing the Kings title to Virginia. A justification for planting Virginia" b

This document was recently found by the Editor in the Bodleian Library. Ibid., p. 121, No. 1.

As a result of this movement the letters patent of 1609 were issued, transform- ing the undertakers into a body politic. In this case also the documents are especially characteristic of the organization. Whereas the Crown was formerly the source of all power, beginning with 1609 the council of the company, acting as a standing committee for the adventurers rather than in the name of the King, exercised the controlling authority. After the charter of 1612 had provided for more frequent meetings of the generality, the council was gradually superseded by special committees and the tendency arose to decide all matters of importance in the general quarter courts and to insist upon all communications being addressed to the company rather than to the council. The act of incorporation erected a commercial company and made it the overlord of a proprietary province. It at once strengthened its plantation as a center for traffic and established a system for joint management of land and trade to extend over a period of seven years, prom- ising dividends to the adventurer and support to the planter. The records of the corporation reveal as clearly as do its broadsides and pamphlets that it was a business venture. These records may be grouped into seven classes. a

For the documents in these various classes, see the classifications by Roman numerals at the left of each entry under the "List of Records," post, pp. 121–205.

I.

• The fundamental documents of the company were those by virtue of which it had its legal formation, and consisted of the letters patent, charters, and orders in council issued by the King and Privy Council.

II.

• The activity of the adventurers was recorded in the court books, which com- prised the minutes of the transactions of the company. In those books were kept the discussions and decisions with regard to the plantation, the granting of land, and all financial policies and plans for developing the enterprise and increasing the income.

III.

• In carrying on its business the company gave commissions to the governors of the colony, issued regulations for the settlers, and, from time to time, sent instructions to the governor and council of the colony. It also granted lands and patents, entered into contracts, issued receipts, made pleas in court, and kept statements of accounts.

IV.

• From the colony itself came reports, declarations, letters, and complaints. They were an essential part of the records of the company and often determined its course of action.

V.

• To the public, for the purpose of inspiring confidence, securing adventurers, and maintaining the interest and support of its members, as well as of defending itself against the accusations of its enemies, the company issued advertisements, broadsides of its shipping investments, declarations, pamphlets, and sermons.

VI.

• A large part of the information which came to the company was derived from private correspondence between members of the company and individual plant- ers. Furthermore, there was a gradual tendency to permit individuals or groups of individuals of the company to form stock companies for trade or plantation, and records of these transactions formed a valuable supplement to those of the company itself.

VII.

• To the student of history another group of supplementary material is of great value. It comes from the records of contemporary companies, corporations, and towns, as well as from the correspondence of officers of state or of other persons who were not directly concerned in the transactions of the Virginia Company.

All of these records of the company for the period previous to 1616, so far as they were known to him, were collected and reprinted in full or cited, if already available in America, by Alexander Brown, in the year 1890. a

For the documents of the period from 1606–1609 not mentioned by Mr. Brown in his Genesis of the United States, most of which have recently been discovered, see List of the Records of the Virginia Company, post, pp. 121–125, Nos. 1–38.

As far as appears from the evidence of the extant documents, when by the charters of 1609 and 1612, James I surrendered to the company full rights of trade, as well as territorial and governmental rights in Virginia he apparently lost all interest and part in the undertaking, and it was only when the plantation had developed into the colony, and when at the expiration of the privileges of free importation in 1619, the business of the corporation had become so good as to offer a prospect of revenue that the King in his council began to interfere in the affairs of the company. b

In March, 1619, Abraham and John Jacobs received a grant for the collection of customs or imports on tobacco. This became an important feature of the business of the company in its later procedure. See List of Records, pp. 127, 129, Nos. 53, 73.

Brown, Genesis, II, 640–644.

List of Records, p. 132, No. 102.

Brown, Genesis, II, 676, 679, 685, 733, 760.

List of Records, p. 126, No. 49.

But the aid thus secured was not such as to draw upon the resources of the Crown, and the attempt of members of the company to gain a monopoly of the tobacco trade in 1616 met with the same opposition as had similar efforts on the part of the merchant adventurers in previous years. On the other hand the company was com- pelled against its will to submit to the treatment of its plantation as a penal colony by James I in his spasmodic efforts to develop a policy which should save England from an overpopulation of vagabonds. a

There is a series of 14 orders of the Privy Council for the transportation of prisoners to Virginia in the years 1617 and 1618 not hitherto noted. List of Records, pp. 121–131, Nos. 4, 41, 65, 90. The transportation thus effected is mentioned by Miss E. M. Leonard, The Early History of the English Poor Relief, pp. 229–230, n.

With the exception of these unimportant relations with the Crown, the company seems to have conducted its business independently of royal aid or interference dur- ing the first decade of its existence as a corporate body.

It is therefore in the court book of the company and in its instructions, corre- spondence, and other records suggested under the preceding classifications II and III, that its activity and methods must be found. That court books were kept under the administration of Sir Thomas Smythe is known from the receipt in the Ferrar papers, already referred to. The first book extended from January 28, 1606, to February 14, 1615, and with it were "other perticuler writings belonging to the company." The second included the period between January 31, 1615, and July 28, 1619. What these books contained can only be surmised from the scope of the two later volumes, dated April 28, 1619, to May 22, 1622, and May 20, 1622, to April 2, 1623, the contemporary copies of which are now extant and in the Library of Congress, at Washington. b

This receipt covered these four volumes, "the other perticuler writings belonging to the company," and two volumes of the court book of the Somers Islands Company, December 3, 1613, to January 24, 1620, and February 7, 1620, to February 19, 1622. However, the second volume of the court book, which is now in the Library of Congress—the fourth volume here mentioned—was continued until June 19, 1624, after the return of the records to the company.

This paper is evidently a series of rough notes of heads and references to prove charges of mismanagement by the Sandys faction. It is in the handwriting of Sir N. Rich. List of Records, p. 167, No. 438.

To supply the loss of these documents of the company, both during the control of the council and after that control had passed into the hands of the company by virtue of the charter of 1612, there is a considerable mass of material, which affords a fair outline of the transactions of the company and the life of the colony. But much of this information is lacking in the completeness and authenticity which would have been supplied by the court book and the other records. The greatest loss is perhaps that of definite knowledge concerning the financial status of the company. The sums adventured by individuals and corporations is preserved in two alphabetical lists; but, so far as is known, only one of these lists is official, and that includes the names of the particular adventure about the year 1610. b

Brown, Genesis, I, 465–469.

For an act providing for such a compilation see the record of the court, Dec. 15, 1619.

List of Records, p. 127, No. 58.

List of Records, Nos. 59, 60. Also Brown, Genesis, II, 772.

Even our knowledge as to the economic condition of the colony is most indefinite and comes only from printed pamphlets issued by the company. Judging from the sources of information in the later period, this uncertainty is due to the disappearance of the letters themselves, since, after 1619, the published relations of individual planters, the declarations by the company, and even the records of the court books are all more general in character than the letters which were sent from the colony to the company. Furthermore, in the later period the daily acts of the colonists and their needs, as reported from time to time by returning ships, afforded the adventurers a body of information concerning the social condition of the colony which in form and accuracy left little to be desired. After the time of Captain John Smith not much was accurately known of the colony until the year 1617, when Captain John Rolfe and Ralph Hamor supplied statistics as to the numbers, condi- tion, settlements, and resources of the colony as it then was.

The individual enterprises of this decade in the life of the company are altogether unknown, except from a few contracts for shipping found here and there. Such movements must at least have been noted in the court book. Of the first "hundred," established in 1618, nothing is recorded except the single report, heretofore unknown, b

Ibid., No. 76. This is among the Ferrar papers of Magdalene College, Cambridge.

Ibid., No. 108.

Scattering information of such a character concerning this period appears in the discussions and quarrels recorded in the later court books.

Of the official documents issued by the company during the decade from 1609 to 1619 the most important have been unknown up to this time. They include the first instructions ever given to a governor of a colony by an English administrative body, and the records of the first suits entered by the company in chancery for the purpose of enforcing the payments of sums adventured in the company and of securing a part of the income from the lottery, which the company claimed had been withheld by the agent, William Leveson. b

List of Records, pp. 123–124, Nos. 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31. There are three cases recorded in the chancery proceedings in which the company attempted to enforce the payment of adventured sums. The bill of complaint is identical in each case, with the exception of the names of the defendant and the sums they underwrote. The bill, dated April 28, 1613, against Sir Henry Nevile, Sir Henry Carye, and eighteen others is printed in Brown's Genesis of the United States, II, pp. 623–631, from a copy found among the Smyth of Nibley papers. It differs slightly in orthography only from the original record. The five recorded answers supply even more valuable information than the bills of complaints.

The knowledge which the administrators of the affairs of the company had gained from the early settlers, and their grasp of the necessities for exploration, for trade, and for the conduct of affairs in the plantation, has hitherto been a matter of surmise based on the relations of the planters. From the "Instrucc̃ons, orders, and constituc̃ons to Sir Thomas Gates," c

This manuscript is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, Ashmolean Manuscripts, 1147, folios 175–190a. It was discovered by the Editor in October, 1903. See also List of Records, p. 122, No. 10.

Ashmolean Manuscripts, 1147, folios 191–205a. See also List of Records, p. 122, No. 11.

Care on the part of the company is also seen in the general instructions of 1609 to the lieutenant- governor of Virginia, which are known only through a copy of the sixth article, preserved in the paper of the Marquis of Lansdowne. Ibid., No. 9.

The company had become convinced that the policy of John Smith was a wise one, and hence it ordered that a number of plantations should be settled and that efforts should be immediately directed to building healthful and sufficient houses and to planting widely enough for the self-support of the community. Here was the germ which was to develop into the colony, but the plan was as yet by no means so far-reaching. A common store, a common magazine, common refectories, labor by groups with a superintendent for each five or six persons, the prohibition of trade with the Indians except through the truck merchant were economic methods which looked to the gain of the adventurer in London rather than to the develop- ment of a colonial settlement. When the settlers had become self-supporting and capable of defense, then measures were to be taken to provide returns, so "that our fleetes come not home empty." Discovery of the seas and of royal mines, exchange of commodities, the exaction of tribute, and the development of the resources of the country for the purpose of securing "wines, pitche, Tarre, sope-ashes, Steele, Iron, Pipestaues, hempe, flaxe," silk grass, fishing for pearls, cod, and sturgeon were to be the sources of revenue. The instructions placed authority implicitly in the hands of the governor, who was expected to hear, but not necessarily to heed, the advice of the council and to judge according to "naturall right and equity then vppon the nicenes of the lawe."

The agents of the corporation—the governor and his council in Virginia—received their authorization for the exercise of judicial as well as legislative powers through a commission. The one issued to Sir Thomas Gates is lost, but doubtless is as similar to that given to Lord La Warr b

The commission bears the date February 28, 1610. It is printed in full in Brown, Genesis, I, 376–384.

Printed in full in Brown, Genesis, I, 384–386.

Post, p. 34. This set of instructions to Governor George Yeardley, although given late in 1618, belongs both in spirit and effect to the period of the Sandys-Southampton administration.

Otherwise, the whole course of the activity of the company under Sir Thomas Smythe was in strong contrast with the work of Sir Edwin Sandys. It was a con- tinual struggle to arouse such interest in the scheme as would result in investment. The problem of marketing the products of the colony, which concerned the later company, did not arise until toward the close of the period, when a single unsuccessful effort was made to gain a monopoly of the sale of tobacco. In order to increase the capital stock, the company made personal appeals and issued printed statements and descriptions which it scattered broadly. The story is told in the lists of adventurers cited above, in the earnest endeavors to secure new planters and new adventures from individual town and guild, in the efforts to enforce the payment of sums already adventured, in a few receipts concerning tobacco, in the lottery schemes, which were legalized by the charter of 1612, and in printed broadsides and declarations. Thus the sums adventured by individuals, by the various London companies, and by the towns of England are given in a series of requests for adventure and in bills of adventure a

For the text of these adventures, see Brown, Genesis, I, 238, 252–3, 308, 391–2 (has signature of secretary and seal of company), 452–3, 453–4, 461–2, 463–5; II, 496 (signature and seal), 555. For two not yet published see List of Records, pp. 122, 123, Nos. 16, 17, 23.

For this series of about 30 records see Brown, Genesis, I, 254, 257, 257–8, 277, 277–8, 278, 280–2, 291, 292–3, 302–6, 306–7, 309–10, 388–9, 390, 344; II, 558–9, 560, 561, 592, 686–8, 690–1, 768–9, 757. Also List of Records, p. 122, No. 15.

Ibid., Nos. 21, 22, 25, 27, 31.

Printed in Brown, Genesis, I, 461–2, 463–5.

The list is printed in full in Brown, Genesis, I, 465–9.

In a similar manner there are unauthentic records of economic value concerning the lotteries and the importation of tobacco. Of the latter a few receipts and mem- oranda among the papers of Lord Sackville f

List of Records, p. 127, No. 59.

Ibid., No. 35, 60, and Brown, Genesis, II, 772. See also reference to payments for tobacco sent to Virginia in the List of Records, p. 122, No. 13.

Brown, Genesis, II, 760–766. For unpublished letters, see List of Records, p. 124, Nos. 32, 33, 34.

Ibid., No. 71.

Ibid., No. 28.

The struggle for capital and for settlers before 1616 is most apparent from the advertisements that were issued. The broadsides of the years 1609, 1610, and 1611 are printed as official declarations of an intention on the part of the company to send voyages to Virginia, and contain the necessary information as to the classes of emigrants wanted—artificers only—and the conditions and rewards for emigration. The broadside of February, 1611, is of most value, in that the classes of emigrants with the numbers of each desired are specified, while that of 1610 is a defense against the slander of recently returned colonists, and emphasizes the former need of artificers as colonists. e

These are all reprinted in Brown, Genesis, I, (1) 248–249, (2) 354–356, (3) 439, (4) 445, (5) 469–470.

Brown, Genesis, I, 608, 761–765.

Brown, Genesis, I, 774–779, 797–799.

In addition to the advertisements for investment and adventure, both of person and of money, the company put forth a series of publications, consisting of four sermons preached before the company at stated intervals, intended to arouse both interest and confidence in their undertaking. These afford but little if any definite information, but reveal the spirit of the times, as also the lines of criticism and resistance which the company had continually to meet. b

Brown, Genesis, I, (1) 282; (2) 293; (3) 312–316; (4) 360–373. A fourth sermon preached by Richard Crakanthorpe, March 24, 1608/9, on the anniversary of the accession of James I, has favorable references to the project. See Brown, Genesis, I. 255–256.

But of far greater importance to a comprehension of the attitude of the com- pany, and especially of the progress of the plantation, are the declarations concern- ing the colony, which were published by the company. c

Brown either reprints all of these or cites the reference. Genesis, I, (1) 241–243; (2) 279–280; (3) 337–353; (4) 420–426; (5) 427–428; (6) 477–478; II, (7) 558–559; (7) 577–588, 611–620; (9) 746–747.

(1)
• Nova Britannia. London, 1609.
(2)
• Virginia richly valued. London, April 15, 1609.
(3)
• A True and sincere declaration of the purpose and ends of the Plantation, "by the authority of the Governor and Councellors of the Plantation." London, 1610. [December 14, 1609.]
(4)
• Nevves from Virginia—a poem. 1610.
(5)
• A True declaration of the estate of the colony of Virginia, by the order of the "Councell of Virginia." London, 1610.
(6)
• De La Warr's Relation. London, July 6, 1611, with Crashaw's Epistle Dedicatorie as a preface.
(7)
• The New life of Virginea—second part of Noua Britannia, by "the Coun- sell of Virginea." London, May 1, 1612.
(8)
• Good Newes from Virginia, by Whittaker. London, 1613.
(9)
• A booke called an narracon of the present State of Virginia by Ralph Hammer. London, 1615.

The documents published in 1609 and also the poem of 1610 were efforts on the part of the company to defend itself against charges of failure in earlier years and to reveal the advantages which were promised under the new system of government. This is distinctly the tone and motive of the Nova Britannia, in which appear argu- ments in favor of the colony, and the statements of the plans, resources, and needs of the colony, together with an outline of the government which was now to be administered.

A True and sincere declaration further explains the unsatisfactory condition of the colony by reference to the incompetence of previous governors, furnishing perhaps the best historical narrative which was issued by the company during the first period of the plantation. It also holds out the promise of improved conditions under Gates and De La Warr, who are to be shortly sent to Virginia with a complete outfit of men and provisions. The second document describes the southern part of the country and cites the advantages of Florida as evidence of the opportunities in Virginia. After the time of De La Warr the published accounts of the plans, movements, and successes of the colonists became more complete. While the state- ments of De La Warr in his Relation are a bare outline of the conditions as he found them and the improvements in trade and discovery to which Captain Argall had contributed, together with his lordship's plans for the future, it is of value as forming, with Hamor's narrative four years later, a surprisingly accurate and satisfactory treatment of the development in the colony during those years.

Hamor gives a clear statement of the methods and success of Captain Dale in his relations with the Indians, of his organization and reform of the colony, and of his establishment of order therein, and reveals clearly the state of affairs on the arrival of Gates, the cause of the failure heretofore, and the details of the building of the successive towns, with descriptions and statistics for each. He gives also an his- torical narrative of the relations with the various Indian tribes and his knowledge and statements concerning the resources of the country are equally satisfactory. While Whittaker's Good Newes from Virginia and The New Life of Virginea are of value as corroborative evidence, they add but little to the knowledge of condi- tions or resources, and evidently were written more in the spirit of the poem of 1610, being intended to inspire confidence in the management of the colony, in the new system, and in the officers installed, as well as to arouse enthusiasm in the project.

It is evident that these publications are of more direct value in the study of the progress of the colony and tell at first hand but little more than the methods employed by the company to gain its end, but, together with the other reports from the colony which are preserved in manuscript form, they to an extent supply what has been lost by the disappearance of the court book. They prove that there was a gradual change in the motive and means of the company, due entirely to the exigencies of the case. The failure to discover precious metals forced the company to concern itself with the development of the resources of the country and with the production of staple articles which were needed in England. Then, too, the first written laws promulgated by Gates, De La Warr, and Dale in 1610–1612, martial in form and harsh in character, reveal the type of the plantation which the company now proposed; a

For the Colony of Virginea Britannia, Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall, &c., entered for publica- tion on December 13, 1611, is a code first established by Sir Thomas Gates, May 24, 1610, approved by the lord governor, June 12, 1610, and exemplified and enlarged by Sir Thomas Dale, June 22, 1611. They are reprinted in Force, Tracts, Vol. III.

Whether the company made any resistance to this development within the set- tlement, by which the adventurer in London must share the profit with the planter, will only be known when the court book shall have been discovered, but it is certain that by 1616 the point of view of the leaders of the company had changed. They had then come to realize that they were to be the middlemen for the marketing of the produce of the planters. This is proved by the movement in 1616 for the monopoly of the importation of the only lucrative staple, tobacco. Again, in 1619, when the time for free importation from the plantation had expired, they most eagerly sought an adjustment with the Crown, although, in 1614, Sir Edwin Sandys, by this time the leading spirit in the company, had been the chairman in the House committee which reported against monopolies.

To such an extent had the colony now grown that the instructions given to Sir George Yeardley in November, 1618, called "The Great Charter of privileges, orders, and Lawes," recognized the necessity for local government. They provided for two houses, the "Council of State," to be chosen by the company in its quarter court, and the general assembly, to consist "of the Council of State and two Burgesses chosen out of each Town Hundred or other particular Plantation." a

List of Records, p. 129, No. 72.

There are extracts from two letters dealing with the alleged misappropriations and abuse of power by Captain Argall, deputy governor from May, 1617, to April 20, 1619. One of these was addressed to Captain Argall and bears the date August 22, 1618; the other to Lord De La Warr, August 23, 1618. They are preserved in the court book of the company under the date of June 19, 1622. See also Ibid., Nos. 82, 83.

The printed reports from the colonists and the printed declarations of the company were of course based on the letters from the planters and on those from the governor and council of Virginia to the Virginia Company. There were also letters from indi- viduals in the colony to officers of the company or to other adventurers in England. They may perhaps reveal more clearly the condition of affairs in the colony and the influences which moved the company in its change of policy, since they do not attempt to conceal, excuse, or palliate any of the circumstances. Six of these narrate the story of the voyage of Gates and Somers, the misery in the plantation on the arrival of Gates and of De La Warr in 1610, and the steps that were taken to improve con- ditions. c

These letters were from the governor and council, July 7, 1610; from John Radcliffe, October 4, 1609, Gabriel Archer, August 31, 1609, and from Captain Somers and Lord La Warr, August, 1610, to the Earl of Salisbury; and from William Strachey in A True Repertory, July 15, 1610. They are reprinted in Brown, Genesis, I, 328–332, 400–402, 402–413, 416–417.

See Strachey, A True Repertory, in Purchas, His Pilgrimes, IV, pp. 1734–1756.

For the log book of Argall and for these letters from Spelman, Dale, Argall, and Rolfe, see Brown, Genesis, I, 428–439, 483–488, 488–494, 501–508; II, 639–640: Virginia Magazine of History, IV, 28, 29; X, 134–138. Also noted in the List of Records post, p. 125, Nos. 39, 40.

The only evidence of records kept by the colonists is an abstract of "A Register book during the Goũmt of Saml Argall Esqr admiral, and for ye time present, prin- cipal Gour of Virga" in the year 1618. This abstract was probably made in 1730 under the direction of R. Hickman, deputy clerk of the general court of Virginia at that time, and has heretofore been unnoticed. From it comes a knowledge of correspondence between the governor and Bermuda Hundred and Kicoughtan, and between the governor and the company in London. A complaint of the largeness of privilege given to Captain Martin in his grant is significant because of the long con- test during later years, between the company and Captain Martin over this patent. There are, too, a number of commissions to officers for trade and for command, and several warrants, edicts, and proclamations. These are very similar in character to those issued by the governor and council in 1623, and reveal the fact that methods of government had not altered materially, though the source of authority had been changed by the great charter of 1618. The severity of penalty and the threats of reduction to slavery for offense are perhaps the features most characteristic of the period. b

For full citation of these abstracts of about twenty documents, see Ibid., Nos. 40, 42–48, 50– 52, 55–57, 64, 65, 67, 74, 75.

While the company probably did not officially use the private correspondence received from the colony by individual adventurers, it doubtless profited by the information which it contained. Thus, the relation of John Rolfe, c

Reprinted in the Virginia Historical Register, I.

(1) Sir Samuell Argall to Nicholas Hawes, June, 1613; (2) Whittaker to Crashaw, August 9, 1611; (3) Percy to Northumberland, August 17, 1611; (4) Dale to Winwood, June 3, 1616; (5) Dale to D. M., June 18, 1614; (6) Whittaker to Master G., June 18, 1614. See Brown, Genesis, I, (1) 640–644; (2) 497–500; (3) 500–501; II, (4) 780–782; (5) 747; (6) 747.

But another series of private papers partakes most strongly of the nature of documents of the company. These are the contracts and correspondence relating to individual adventures to Virginia or to groups of adventurers. They indicate a tendency in the company to grant private monopolies and to encourage private settlements—measures which indicate the growing importance of the undertaking and the development of individual trade. Only one series of documents relating to individual adventures is extant, those by which Lord Zouch's investment in Virginia was secured to him. His contracts were made in May, 1618, with John Bargrave and James Brett. There is also his warrant to John Fenner to pass to Virginia and trade with the colony and the savages in his pinnace Silver Falcon, in February, 1618/19. a

For these documents see List of Records, p. 129, Nos. 77, 82, 98, 99.

The other series of documents, which illustrate the legal forms and methods of the company, as also the way in which the first plantations were undertaken by private means, concern Smythe's Hundred and Berkeley Hundred. Among the Ferrar papers are the minutes of the meeting of the committee for Smythe's Hundred on May 8, 1618, b

Ibid., No. 76.

In addition to the documents which are either official records or similar to such records in character, there is a large amount of correspondence between officers of state in England and other individuals which by its reference throws light on the affairs of the company or gives additional or corroborative data. All of this which is earlier in date than 1616 has been published by Alexander Brown.

There are seven letters, the dates of which fall between 1616 and 1619, that are of the same character; but they add nothing in fact to the other documents, although two of them reveal the measures taken even at this early date to impress youths and maidens for Virginia and to send reprieved prisoners to the colony. c

Ibid., Nos. 84, 85, 88, 89, 96.

See Brown, Genesis, "Table of Contents."

The character of the documents of the company after 1619 is fundamentally the same as in the preceding decade. Virginia was still a proprietary province with a commercial company as an overlord, and therefore the company was still the immediate source of all government in the colony. To it came all appeals from colonial authorities; it exercised control over all commerce, both from and to Virginia; it granted all land and all privileges. Although the number of doc- uments emanating from the Crown a

See documents under Class I in the List of Records.

The mass of materials which form the records for this period is much greater than in the earlier decade. This is due on the one hand to their preservation in two or three collections, and on the other especially to the vast growth of business in the company and the rapid development from a colony for exploitation into a colony for settlement. Thus the minutes of the company, forming the second class of documents, show that it conducted a larger amount of business than any other proprietary company. b

For this statement, as also for a full understanding of the character of the company, see The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, I, 61.

Grouped under Class II in the List of Records.

Ibid., Class III.

Grouped under Class IV in the List of Records. These papers are all in the Library of Congress.

Ibid., Class V.

Ibid., Class VI.

Ibid., Class VII.

The relative value of the various classes of the records for this period has been altered by the preservation of the court book which has made the other material supplementary, or even subsidiary, with the exception of the correspond- ence; for in it is either recorded or summarized the information which the company had received from all other sources, or which it imparted to individuals or to the public by other means. But the fact that the other records are supplementary does not decrease their value, for they often furnish the data which are the basis of the acts and conclusions of the company, while some of them also reveal the legal or political processes of the company, of the colony, of the courts, or of the sovereign authority, and others are of great value in the light which they throw on the dissenting party within the company.

The subject-matter of the court book, as well as the character and contents of the various documents, proves the changed condition which the increase of business had brought about, since a large proportion of the records deal with the founding and conducting of private enterprises, and many of them are really documents of a private nature. It is apparent that the company still looked upon the colony as a source of income for the investors, but that the ulterior object had become the development of the resources of Virginia instead of the produc- tion of wealth through mines and the opening of new trade routes. As a result of this change in commercial object had come the need of larger, more numerous, and more scattered settlements in the colony, and of greater co-operation on the part of the settlers, although it may well be claimed that the latter necessity had been urged upon the leaders by the mismanagement of Captain Argall during the three years previous to the change in administration. In order to increase the number of planters, concessions of privilege had been made to private parties or groups as early as 1618, since such investments were doubtless easier to secure when the adventure was under the immediate control of the undertaker. Simi- larly, for the purpose of stimulating capital and gaining the co-operation of the planters, the division of land, promised in 1609, was proclaimed in 1616. Free tenancy was now guaranteed to all individuals, even to indented servants, at the expiration of seven years. The organization of joint stock companies for the manage- ment of trade, which supplanted the magazine, was a movement toward private enter- prize. Hence it is that these subjects, together with those which concern the impor- tation and sale of tobacco, occupy the greater part of the court book, and must have consumed most of the attention of the corporation. The burden of discussion in the courts concerned the best means of marketing the products, whereas in the earlier decade it must have related to the increase of capital. The records of the colony were no longer simple reports to the company and instructions from the proprietor, but assumed the character of political documents, since liberty of land and trade, and the creation of numerous plantations and scattered settlements resulted in the growth of "political conditions and forces side by side with the commercial and economic." The minutes of the colonial legislative assembly, the records of the colonial court, the petitions to the governor and council, and the commissions and orders granted by that body are all distinctively new features in the records. Here is evidence of the crea- tion of the colony, with its body of free citizens, out of the plantation, with its body of half-servile laborers.

The records of the company under the administration of Sir Edwin Sandys and the Earl of Southampton, or the copies of them so far as extant, are to-day scattered among many public and private collections both in England and in America. The Library of Congress at Washington possesses by far the largest and most impor- tant collection in this country. It contains the contemporary certified copy of the court book from 1619 to 1624, as well as a mass of original correspondence, or contemporary copies of the same, between the company and the council in Virginia. It also includes many original records of the colony, many eighteenth century tran- scripts of the original commissions, patents, and other records, and many recent transcripts and photographs of documents in the collections of England.

The eighteenth century transcripts and the original documents and contemporary copies came to the Library of Congress from Thomas Jefferson's collection in two different groups: the first in 1815, when his library, purchased "in a lump as it stood on the catalogue," a

Manuscript letters of Thomas Jefferson in the Library of Congress. In this letter to William Hening, March 11, 1815, from Monticello, Mr. Jefferson stated that he could not retain a volume, since Congress had purchased his library.

The "Catalogue. President Jefferson's library — (as arranged by himself,) — to be sold at auction, at the Long Room, Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington — —–, 27th of February, 1829, — —," p. 4, is in the Library of Congress, Miscellaneous Pamphlets, Vol. 859, No. 14.

"No. 121. Records of the Virginia Company, 2 vols., fol. MS. (the authentic copy mentioned in Stith's History).

"No. 122. Old Records of Virginia, 4 vols. fol. MS. viz:

"A.

• Letters, proclamations in 1622–23, and correspondence 1625.

  (42) Transactions in council and assembly, their petition and his majesty's answer. c

  This is classified as one folio manuscript in the catalogue of the Library of Congress, 1830, and the latter is doubtless the manuscript covering the period from 1626–1634.

"B.
• (9). Orders from Feb. 1622 to Nov. 1627. d

  This manuscript also contains loose papers to 1632.

"C.
• (32) A. Foreign business and Inquisitions from 1665 to 1676.

Transactions of the council from Dec. 9, 1698, to May 20, 1700." e

Catalogue of the Library of Congress, 1830, p. 167.

The volumes of Jefferson manuscripts relating to the company, which became the property of the Government in 1815, were as follows:

(1)
• First laws made by the Assembly in Va. anno 1623. f

  Catalogue of the Library of Congress, 1815, p. 73.

  (Used by Hening.)
(2)
• Journal of the Council and Assembly, 1626–1634. (Used by Hening.) g

  This is probably the same manuscript as that mentioned above under the Jefferson catalogue as No. 122 (42). There is no other manuscript in the Library which corresponds to the title here given or to the description above.

(3)
• Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, with a small quarto containing abstracts of Rolls in the offices of State bound into the volume. (Commonly known as the Bland copy, because so cited by Hening.)
(4)
• Miscellaneous Papers, 1606–1683. Instructions, Commic̃ons letters of Advice and admonitions and Public Speeches, Proclamations &c. Collected, transcribed and diligently examined by the Originall Records, now extant, belonging to the Assemblie.

The entire set in the first group, acquired in 1829, is composed either of original documents or of contemporary transcripts, while the second paper of the second group belongs to the same period. The Miscellaneous Papers, 1606–1683, are a seventeenth century transcript. The Laws of 1623 and the Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, are transcripts of the early eighteenth century and are attested by R. Hickman, who was clerk of the general court in 1722. The origin and identification of these various volumes, together with a later copy of the court book of the com- pany, now in the library of the Virginia Historical Society and commonly known as the [John] Randolph [of Roanoke] copy, has been a subject of doubt and discussion, arising from the conflicting descriptions of the volumes by the early historians of Virginia, William Stith and John D. Burk, and by the editor of many of the documents in 1809, William Hening.

The following statements with regard to the first group made by Mr. Jefferson in a letter to Hugh P. Taylor, October 4, 1825, a

From the National Intelligencer, October 19, 1825.

"The only manuscripts I now possess relating to the antiquities of our country are some folio volumes: Two of these are the proceeding[s] of the Virginia company in England; the remaining four are of the Records of the Council of Virginia, from 1622 to 1700. The account of the first two volumes, you will see in the preface to Stiths History of Virginia. They contain the records of the Virginia Company, copied from the originals, under the eye, if I recollect rightly, of the Earl of South- ampton, a member of the company, bought at the sale of his library by Doctor Byrd, of Westover, and sold with that library to Isaac Zane. These volumes happened at the time of the sale, to have been borrowed by Col. R. Bland, b

Col. R. Bland died October 26, 1776.

"The other four volumes, I am confident, are the original office records of the council. My conjectures are, that when Sir John Randolph was about to begin the History of Virginia which he meant to write, he borrowed these volumes from the council office to collect from them materials for his work. He died before he had made any progress in that work, and they remained in his library, probably unobserved, during the whole life of the late Peyton Randolph, his son. From his executor, I purchased his library, in a lump, and these volumes, were sent to me as a part of it. I found the leaves so rotten as often to crumble into dust on being handled; I bound them, therefore together, that they might not be unnecessarily opened; and have thus preserved them forty-seven years."

The two volumes referred to by Mr. Jefferson as the "proceedings of the Virginia Company in England" are the contemporary copies of the court book which were secured by the Hon. William Byrd, of Westover, Virginia, from the estate of the Earl of Southampton, either at the time of his death in 1667 or later. Since Mr. Byrd was a boy of 15 living in London in 1667, it may have been when the Virginia estates were left him in 1671, or even in 1687 when he made a visit to England, that he made the purchase. a

William Byrd died December 4, 1704. See Byrd, History of the Dividing Line.

"Catalogue of the Books in the Library at Westover belonging to William Byrd, Esqr.," p. 437, in The Writings of Colonel William Byrd, edited by J. S. Bassett.

For a description of these volumes and the circumstances of their making, see the discussion, pp. 78–84, post.

It is hardly possible that Mr. Jefferson's statement is incorrect and that, instead of having been acquired by Col. Richard Bland at that time, they passed from Stith to his brother-in-law, Peyton Randolph, and with the library of the latter to Jefferson. This is one of the solutions suggested by Justin Winsor. See Narrative and Critical History of the United States, III, 158.

The other manuscript volumes, which the Library of Congress acquired from Mr. Jefferson and which are included under No. 122 of the Jefferson catalogue, belong to the early seventeenth century. They are the documents which Mr. Jefferson referred to in his letter to Mr. Taylor as having come from the library of the Hon. Peyton Randolph in such a fragile condition, and which in a letter to Mr. Wythe, of January 16, 1795, urging the necessity of publishing the laws of Virginia, he describes in a similar way. e

Hening, Statutes at Large, I, p. viii.

That these are the papers discussed by Stith is proved by comparing them with the Hickman (Bland) transcripts. In his preface, Stith confirms the description by Mr. Jefferson, but he apparently destroys the latter's theory that the papers had been in the possession of Peyton Randolph since the death of Sir John Randolph in 1736. Mr. Stith wrote his preface in 1746, and suggests that they were at that time in the possession of the House of Burgesses, although he does not make a positive statement to that effect. His assertions are worth recording, since they carry the history of the volumes back thirty years and also throw light on the Hickman transcripts.

"I must chiefly depend upon such of our Records, as are still extant. Many of them doubtless perished in the State-house at James-Town, and by other Accidents; and those, which have survived the Flames and Injuries of Time, have been so care- lesly kept, are so broken, interrupted, and deficient, have been so mangled by Moths and Worms, and lie in such a confused and jumbled State (at least the most ancient of them) being huddled together in single Leaves and Sheets in Books out of the Binding, that I foresee, it will cost me infinite Pains and Labour, to reduce and digest them in any tolerable Order, so as to form from them a just and connected Narration. And some of them have been lost, even since Mr. Hickman was Clerk of the Secretary's Office. For I cannot find, among the Papers in our Offices, some old Rolls, to which he refers. I have therefore been obliged, in a few Points, to depend upon the Fidelity of that Gentleman's Extracts out of our oldest Records, made for the Use of Sir John Randolph. But these things were so far from discouraging and rebuffing me, that they were rather an additional Spur to my Industry. For I thought it highly necessary, before they were entirely lost and destroyed, to apply them to their proper Use, the forming a good History. But as the House of Burgesses in a late Session, upon my shewing their moldering and dangerous State to some of the Members, have justly taken them into their Consideration, and have ordered them to be reviewed and fairly transcribed, I doubt not, by their Assistance, and with the Help of the late Sir John Randolph's Papers, and such others, as are in the Hands of private Gentlemen in the Country, and will undoubtedly be readily communicated to further so noble and so useful a Design, to be able to collect and compose a tolerably regular and complete History of our Country." a

Stith, History of Virginia preface, p. viii.

Hence, we are again left in a quandary. The papers may have come into Peyton Randolph's possession through the arrangement made by the burgesses for their transcription; but no transcript made directly from the documents as late as 1746 is known to us. Whether they were borrowed from the province by Mr. Stith or by Peyton Randolph, his brother-in-law, or by some other historian or antiquarian is not yet proved; and our only evidence that Jefferson secured them from Peyton Randolph's executor is his statement made twenty years after the date of the purchase.

The papers, after almost a century in the Capitol, were in a still more deplorable condition in 1901 than that described by Mr. Stith, but the loose pages have now been carefully and skillfully repaired. The order of contents of the volumes (while not chronologically arranged) may be known from the abstracts made under the direction of Hickman about 1722. This agrees with an arrangement determined by the early pagination, the subject-matter, and the writing. That these manuscripts are original records or contemporary copies is evidenced by the form of some of them, by the signatures of others, and by the autographs of the secretaries and clerks of the period. The supposition is that they escaped destruction when the Province House was burned in Bacon's rebellion in 1678, during the administration of Gooch in 1698, and again during the Revolution, only to be lost to the State in the latter half of the eighteenth century.

The volume designated as 122, A, in the Jefferson catalogue, and there entitled "Letters, proclamations in 1622–23, and correspondence 1625," is evidently the one referred to by page in the Hickman abstract of the rolls as "the other side of No. A 42." a

This volume of correspondence is cited in the List of Records as the "Manuscript Records of the Virginia Company of London, Vol. III, pt. ii," thus including in Vol. III all of this miscellaneous manuscript material of the company.

Edward Sharpless had been a clerk of the secretary of the colony, Christopher Davison, and succeeded him upon his death in the winter of 1623/4. He remained as acting secretary until his trial on May 20, 1624, for giving copies of the acts of the assembly to the commissioners of the King; John Sotherne then took up his duties.

See Plates, post, Vol. II for illustrations of these holographs, and for evidence as to the autographs.

Presuming that this fragile document, which is the only one concerning the company and the colony while controlled by the company, formed one volume, its contents was as follows:

No. A 42:

1. (a)
• Miscellaneous letters from the Privy Council to the governor and council in Virginia in 1623, pp. 1–3. An unknown holograph.
(b)
• Declarations of the condition of the colony and answers thereto in 1623/4, pp. 3–7. An unknown holograph.
2.
• Fundamental orders, charters, ordinances, and instructions by the company in London and laws of the assembly in Virginia, pp. 8–21. Partly holographs as above. a

  This volume is cited in the List of Records, as "MSS. Records of the Virginia Company of Lon- don, Vol. III, pt. i."

No. A 42. "The other side:"

1. (a)
• Letters from the colony to the King or to the company between 1621 and 1625. An unknown holograph.
(b)
• Letters from the company to the colony between 1621 and August 6, 1623. Holographs of Edward Sharpless.
2.
• Instructions, commissions, proclamations, orders, warrants, and letters of the governor and captain-general of Virginia and of the assembly, pp. 36–53. Partly the holograph of Edward Sharpless and partly perhaps of Christopher Davison, the secretary of the colony from November, 1621, until his death in the winter of 1623/4. b

  Christopher Davison was appointed at a quarter court, June 23, 1621. His commission was sealed November 28, 1621.

4.
• Petitions to the governor and council in Virginia, pp. 58–63. Holo- graphs as of the preceding.
5.
• A miscellaneous collection of letters between the Privy Council and the Commissioners for Virginia on the one hand and the governor and council in Virginia on the other, in 1625/6, pp. 68–70; a letter from the Virginia Company of London in 1626, p. 71, and a census of 1624, pp. 71–75. Unknown holo- graphs similar to those in the first part of this end of the volume. c

  Cited in the List of Records as "MSS. Records of the Virginia Company, Vol. III, pt. ii."

The first part of the volume thus opens with the letters of the Privy Council to the colony on April 28, 1623, when the King first began the action looking toward the dissolution of the company, and with the first direct correspondence with the officers of the colony. The writing and the dates place the documents as consecutive through the entry of the acts of the assembly, March 5, 1623/4, when the assembly seems to have ceased. After that page, copies of scattered documents appear in a different writing, commencing on the back of the last assembly record. These are largely fundamental or constitutional, including the instructions of November 20, 1606, the charter of 1606, the order of 1607 enlarging the council, and the oaths administered to officials of the colony of the same period. The other part of the volume opens with the correspondence between the colony and the home government. After a hiatus of fifteen pages the documents of the governor and assembly begin as indicated under the second division above. The writing is that of Edward Sharp- less and Christopher Davison, and remains the same throughout the petitions of the next group. The last group of miscellaneous documents agrees in subject with the letters of the first part and in autograph with the first section of those letters. On a fly leaf among the loose papers is inscribed the following: "Records of W. Clay- bourne or Claiborne./ p̱ Joseph [Jokeg] / Tho Farloue & / Vpton gent / Thos. Ba[u]rbag[e] / Cler̃ Conc̃"./ This may belong to the records of the period after May 14, 1626, when William Claybourne was appointed secretary of the colony by Charles I, or it may have been placed in an earlier volume, or it may indicate that a part at least of the earlier volume was transcribed under his direction.

Section B (9) of No. 122 in the Jefferson catalogue, cited as orders from February, 1622, to November, 1627, and including loose pages as late as 1634, is the only octavo manuscript of these records and has been saved from its almost useless condition by repair. That this is the original blotter of the court book of the gover- nor and council in Virginia, containing the original record of suits tried before that body and of orders issued by it, is proved by the hasty and brief entries, giving the volume an entirely different character from those of the carefully elaborated tran- scripts of the clerks. The records of twenty-three courts held as here given and of the cases considered during the era of the authority of the company, consisting of about forty-five pages of manuscript, are noted in the list of the records of the company, but are not printed in this collection since they may be included more properly in a publication of the "Records of the Colony."

It is now certain that at least two copies of the court book existed at the beginning of the nineteenth century, since the so-called John Randolph [of Roanoke] copy has recently come to light. a

The three volumes are in the collection of the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond, but they are so closely associated with the Library of Congress MSS. that they are discussed here rather than under the MSS. of Richmond.

The caption of the first volume of this eighteenth century copy is as follows: "The Ancient Records of this Colony under The Treasurer and Company." It opens with "A Quarter Court held for Virginia at Sir Thomas Smith's house in Philpott Lane, 28th of April 1619," and ends on page 535 with the court of July 3, 1622. The final statement is as follows: "The rest of the Company's Acts are contained in a Second Volume." Volume II begins with a court of July 17, 1622, and closes on page 491 with the proceedings of June 7, 1624. It bears the caption, "The Records of the Company of Virginia, Vol. 2d." Pages 492 to 502 include a list of "The names of the Adventurers for Virginia, as they were in the Year 1620." On the inside of the board of this volume is written the name, "Sam'l Perkins of Cawson." There is a third volume of this series of transcripts which is described by Mr. Robinson thus: "The other volume begins with the first charter to the proprietors of Carolina dated the 24th of March, in the fifteenth year of Charles II, (1663) and ends page 543 with report of the petition of Philip Laudwell against the Lord Effingham made by the Lords Committees of Trade and Plantations, Dated at the Council Chamber 26th of April 1689." This document ends on page 530. The volume closes on page 544 with "A Memorial for obtaining a more perfect Rent Roll, & advancing Her Majesty's Quit Rents in Virginia". On the first cover is the date, "Sep 19th 1759."

Mr. Brown thinks that these copies were made for Colonel Richard Bland from Colonel Byrd's volumes and passed to Theodorick Bland of the family of Cawson, the grandfather of John Randolph of Roanoke, to whom they finally came. He adds that the Byrd volumes went to Mr. Jefferson with the Bland collection, which he bought about 1776, instead of the copies therefrom. a

See an account of "Two manuscript volumes now in the Library of Congress, at Washington, D.C.," in The Magazine of American History, New York, Vol. 29, April, 1893.

The location of these volumes since the time of the death of John Randolph of Roanoke is known. According to Mr. Brown, John Randolph b

Not to be confused with Sir John Randolph, father of the Peyton Randolph whose library Jefferson says he purchased in 1778.

The later history of this copy is told by Mr. Leigh Robinson, of Washington, D.C., as follows:

"A complete transcript of the Records of the Virginia Company had been in the possession of John Randolph of Roanoke, and by Mr. Randolph's executor, Judge William Leigh, was placed in the hands of my father, shortly after the termination of the war between the States. The Virginia Historical Society, having then no shelter of safety for such a work, my father placed it in the Vaults of one of the banks of Richmond, with a view to transferring it to the Society, as soon as it could be done with Safety. His death occurred before (in his opinion) this could be done. After his death, his family transferred to the Society the copy made by him- self. It was some time before they were able to discover the place of deposit of the Randolph Copy. But they finally recovered it, and transferred this also to the Vir- ginia Historical Society, where it now is." a

See a manuscript letter to Mr. Worthington C. Ford, Chief of the Division of Manuscripts in the Library of Congress, December 15, 1902. These volumes, and the third described by Mr. Robinson's father are now in the Virginia Historical Society collection in Richmond.

Mr. Conway Robinson, the father of Mr. Leigh Robinson, prepared for the press two volumes of abstracts from the court book, which were edited later by R. A. Brock for the Virginia Historical Society and entitled Virginia Company, 1619–1624. Robinson states that in the preparation of the volumes he had many transcripts made through Mr. Mehan from the copy in the Library of Congress, and also from the Randolph volumes which Judge Leigh had loaned to him. b

A letter of Mr. Robinson to Mr. Deane, July 1, 1868. For the use of this letter, as also one from Mr. Deane to Mr. Robinson of July 6, 1868, the Editor is indebted to Mr. J. Franklin Jameson, professor of history in Chicago University. In a memorandum Mr. Deane states that he inspected these volumes in April, 1872, at which time they were at the house of Mr. S. A. Myers, the law partner of Mr. Con- way Robinson.

The third volume of this Randolph series, which is cited both by Burk and by Hening c

For the extracts from the "Ancient Records," Vol. III, so called, by Hening, see Statutes at Large, I, 76–113 (collated readings given), 113–120, 145, 146, 209, 223.

That both Hening and Burk used the Randolph copies of the court book and also the third volume of that series is proved by their descriptions of the volumes, while the page references to "Ancient Records" cited by Hening coincide in each case with these three volumes. Mr. Hening speaks of three large folio volumes not in the orthography of the age of the events, and compiled without much regard to method for the purpose of forming material for a history of Virginia, and states that the first two volumes are minutes of the proceedings of the London Company, and the third an epitome of the legislative and judicial acts of authorities in Vir- ginia, so far as then extant, which were regularly transmitted to England. These, he continues, were used by John Burk, who got them from John Randolph, and also by Skelton Jones, 1809, to complete Burk's History of Virginia. a

Hening, Statutes at Large, I, 76 n. (a).

Burk, History of Virginia, I, ch. V; II. 7. 42. 67.

The three volumes containing transcripts of the Virginia Records which came from the Jefferson Library in 1815 are unique, containing copies of records since destroyed. Two of them are attested by R. Hickman, the deputy clerk of the general court in 1722, and the third is the only seventeenth century transcript in our possession. Unlike the Randolph copies, the two large volumes include copies of records since destroyed.

Of this group the "First laws made by the assembly in Va. Anno 1623" bears on the back of the last page the following indorsement in Mr. Jefferson's hand: "This was found among the manuscript papers of Sr John Randolph and by the Hoñble. Peyton Randolph, esq. his son was given to Tho. Jefferson," and is attested as follows: "Copia Test R. Hickman D C G C." This early eighteenth century transcript was made by the same copyist as were the Miscellaneous Records, 1606–1692, and is the volume used by Hening and referred to in his first volume, pages 121–129. It must also be the subject of a letter from Thomas Jefferson to Hening, April 8, 1815, in which he states that the manuscript marked "A" contains laws of 1623–24, thirty-five acts, which was given him by Peyton Randolph from the materials used by Sir John Randolph, and which Mr. Jefferson declares to be the "Only copy extant of those laws!" a

Jefferson Letters, in the Library of Congress. This is an error, since a contemporary copy has been found among the "fragile papers" in Jefferson's own possession at the time.

Thomas Jefferson to John D. Burk, Monticello, February 21, 1803.

W. D. Johnston, History of the Library of Congress, I, 178.

Hening, Statutes at Large, I, 147, 152, 224. The first four volumes of this work were published in 1809. By an act of the assembly in 1819 the work was completed. In 1823 the first four volumes were reprinted.

The seventeenth century volume, entitled Instructions, Commic̃ons letters of Advice and admonitions and Publique Speeches, Proclamations &c: Collected, transcribed and diligently examined by the Originall Records, now extant, belonging to the Assemblie, is a vellum-covered book, with an embossed figure on the back cover, and with the following: "E / 1621 / Publiq̢ Letters / and Orders." On the outside of the front cover upside down is: "E / John Bland / Richard Blan [d]/ Alexander Morrison," / while on the half that remains of the first fly leaf is the name "Nelson." On the fly leaf in the book in pencil is the statement: "date of MSS 1650–1695;" and on the front cover similarly is: "17" Century copie Bland." This presence of Richard Bland's name in the book shows that Mr. Jefferson secured it with the Bland Library. The writing of the volume is similar to the early seven- teenth century system in many of the abbreviations, the use of the double f, and the formation of some of the letters. Evidently this is a collection of correspondence of the colony, transcribed from the court books and from the miscellaneous papers of the three volumes of the manuscript records of the company. e

For the contents of this volume as late as 1624 see the List of Records.

The second volume of documents from 1606 to 1692 is in an eighteenth century hand, many of the documents bearing the attestation of R. Hickman. The binding is in calf and bears on the back the red label, "Vir/. Records." Bound into the back of this volume is a small quarto of twenty-five pages, containing outlines of documents in the Manuscript Records of the Company, which serves to identify the loose pages of the original records as Roll A. 42, and an abstract of Captain Argall's register during his government. a

The documents there referred to by page are noted in the "List of Records." The original register of Captain Argall has not been found.

For the contents of this volume see the List of Records.

Hening, Statutes, I, 223, 224–238.

Stith, History of Virginia, Preface, which is dated December 10, 1746.

The conclusions which have been formed with regard to these original and contemporary manuscripts and the later transcripts disclose little concerning the circumstances under which they were made, or the original owners of the volumes. But the important facts to discover, in order to determine their authenticity, are the period of the transcript and the documents from which the copies were made, and these facts in each case have been ascertained. e

For published statements and discussions of the history and identity of the volumes in the Library of Congress which concern the Virginia Company, as also of the Randolph copy, see:

Robert C. Howison, History of Virginia, I, 212 (footnote). 1843.

Fordyce M. Hubbard, Life of Sir Francis Wyatt in Belknap's American Biography (footnote). 1843.

Hugh Blair Grigsby in the Southern Literary Messenger, February, 1854.

J[ohn] W[ingate] T[hornton], in the Historical Magazine, February, 1858.

Charles Campbell, History of Virginia, p. 174. 1860.

William Green, in the Southern Literary Messenger, September, 1863.

Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, III, 158. 1885.

E. D. Neill, Virginia Company of London, 1889.

J. Franklin Jameson, "The Records of the Virginia Company." An address delivered before the Rhode Island Historical Society, November 27, 1888. (The manuscript used by the Editor) Reviewed in the Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries, Vol. XXI, January-June, 1889. p. 82.

Alexander Brown, in the Magazine of American History, April, 1893.

Lyon G. Tyler, in the Report of the American Historical Association, 1901, I, 545–550.

The Library of Congress has recently acquired a large number of transcripts of those manuscripts now in the libraries of Great Britain pertaining to the Virginia Company or to the colony under the authority of the company. It thus possesses reproductions of all of the Virginia material in the British Museum, the Privy Council office, the Bodleian Library, and the Magdalene College Library, Cambridge. In the Public Record Office all docquet notices on Virginia, all records of suits in chancery and the admiralty pertaining to Virginia, and the quo warranto in the King's Bench, by which the company was dissolved, as well as the most important documents and correspondence, have been transcribed or photographed for the Library of Congress, but the correspondence of the planters, the less important correspondence of the company, and mere memoranda are yet to be transcribed. The latter material is fairly outlined in the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574 to 1660, and in the Appendix of the eighth report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, or is printed elsewhere in full. a

All of these papers are included in the List of Records.

The collection of publications by the company belonging to the Library of Congress is fairly good. It contains twelve of those which were issued before 1616, but of the later books it has only three. The Declaration of 1620, the Declaration by Waterhouse in 1622, and John Donne's Sermon of the same year, in addition to Smith's General History, are the only ones of the eighteen now extant which are in the Library.

The colonial records in Richmond, Virginia, relating to the period of the company are extremely few in number. Fortunately the original documents, which are in the Library of Congress, were borrowed or abstracted from the state house in time to save them from destruction during the Revolution or by fire in 1865. b

William G. Stanard, "The Virginia Archives" in the Report of the American Historical Associa- tion, 1903, I, 645–664.

The valuable collections of the Virginia Historical Society in Richmond embrace the John Randolph of Roanoke transcripts described above, while the State library has three sets of transcripts and one set of abstracts from the British Public Record Office. Of the latter the De Jarnette papers, 1606–1691, include only a few of the documents of interest; in the Macdonald and Winder papers are full and careful copies of several of the long and important documents, following generally the orthography of the originals; while the Sainsbury abstracts contain comparatively full outlines of those documents included in the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series.

The New York Public Library is next in importance to the Library of Congress in manuscript material on the Virginia Company and second only to the John Carter Brown Library of Providence, Rhode Island, in publications. In the Lenox branch of the New York Library is to be found a unique set of documents relating to the settlement of Berkeley Hundred in 1619, known as the Smyth of Nibley papers which "are from the collection of Virginia manuscripts originally brought together by John Smyth (or Smith) of Nibley, the historian of the Berkeleys, who was born in 1567 and died in 1641. The collection comprises over sixty papers, original and contemporary transcripts, relating to the settlement of Virginia between 1613 and 1634. After passing into the hands of John Smyth the younger, and more recently into the Cholmondeley collection at Condover Hall, Shropshire, the manuscripts were offered for sale in January, 1888, by Mr. Bernard Quaritch, from whom they were lately bought and given to the New York Public Library by Mr. Alex- ander Maitland." a

Quoted from the New York Public Library Bulletin (1897), I, 68, and (1899), III, 160.

List of Records, Nos. 133 and 640.

The manuscripts in the Library of Congress, the Smyth of Nibley papers in the New York Public Library, and the patent books in Virginia are the only original records of the company or of the colony previous to 1625 now in America. But there are two public collections of Americana which are extremely valuable for this period: The John Carter Brown Library in Providence, Rhode Island, which contains only books on America published before the year 1800, and the New York Public Library.

In the John Carter Brown Library are two royal proclamations, which are the only documents of the character for the period in America; while a declaration of a division of land in 1616, which is a supplementary pamphlet in the Declaration by the Company of June 22, 1620, has no duplicate in existence, although there is an imperfect copy of the latter in the British Museum. The copy of the 1620 declara- tion in the Lenox Library is also unique, since it contains a different supplementary pamphlet of which there is but one other to be found, neither of which has hereto- fore been noted. a

The other copy is in a private collection in New York. This library has also the first editions of the declaration of 1620; the treatise by Banoeil, reprinted in 1622, containing the letters of the King and of the council; Patrick Copland's Virginia's God be Thanked, and his Declaration how the monies were disposed, published in 1622; Edward Waterhouse's Declaration of the State of the Colony, 1622; John Donne's Sermon, 1622.

There is a manuscript copy of this sermon in the Library of Congress.

"The Inconveniences" was published separately as a broadside, and copies are to be found in the Lenox Library and in the collections of the Society of Antiquaries, London. A copy was in the Cholmondeley collection, which is probably the one mentioned in the Quaritch catalogue of May, 1887. This, as also a copy of the Observations, was sold to Mr. Kalbfleisch. The supposition that it was originally published as a part of the Declaration of Edward Waterhouse does not seem valid, since the John Carter Brown copy is the only one containing the broadside, and the page in that case has evidently been trimmed and inserted.

The New York Public Library is second only in value to the John Carter Brown Library for this subject. In addition to the books noted above it contains two unique publications of the company, the first is a broadside of May 17, 1620, which is the only copy known to the Editor. A catalogue of Bernard Quaritch, in May, 1887, describes such a broadside, which is known to have been purchased by Mr. Kalbfleisch. The second is A Note of the Shipping, etc., sent to Virginia in 1621. The Cholmondeley copy of this also was sold by Mr. Quaritch to Mr. Kalbfleisch. a

In the catalogue of Bernard Quaritch for May, 1887, the broadside of May 17, 1620, and the Note of the Shipping, 1621, are both noted as being unique since each contains the final clause: "Who- soever transports himself or any other at his own charge unto Virginia, shall for each person so trans- ported before mid-summer, 1625, have to him and his heirs forever 50 acres of land upon a first and 50 acres upon a second division." A copy of the Note of the Shipping, 1621, in the Cholmondeley collection is similarly described in the fifth report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, page 341. The Quaritch copies were sold to Mr. Kalbfleisch, whose collection went to Mr. Lefferts, and finally through the dealers, Geo. H. Richmond or Dodd, Mead & Co., either to a private collection or to the Lenox Library. But the Lenox copies either do not correspond to these descriptions or were not purchased from Mr. Lefferts. The volumes of the Lefferts collection, which were not sold in America, were sent to Sotheby, England, but Mr. Eames of the New York Public Library states that no early Virginia material was allowed to return to England.

The volumes of printed material relating to the Virginia Company, which are in the Harvard Library, have been mentioned above.

Two private collections deserve mention for their comparatively large number of important publications of the company, the private collection in New York and that of Mr. Edward Ayer, in Chicago, Illinois. b

The collection of Americana belonging to Mr. Ayer is open to the public through the Newberry Library. For the early Virginia material of the library see Index under "Ayer, Edward."

This tract is described in the Appendix of the Fifth Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, as follows: "A Declaration how the monies, viz., 70, 8s. 6d., were disposed, which was gathered (by Mr. Patrick Copland, preacher in the Royal James) at the Cape of Good Hope (toward the building of a free schoole in Virginia) of the gentlemen and mariners in the said ship; a list of whose names are under specified, &c. 4to 7 pp. Imprinted at London by F. K. 1622."

Other attempts have been made to secure resources for research in America. Not only is there the aggregation of excerpts from the English documents in Richmond, as described above, and the acquisition of transcripts in the Library of Congress within recent years, but half a century ago a similar interest was displayed by collectors and historians in New York City, forming three collec- tions which are to-day in the Lenox Library.

William H. Aspinwall, a merchant, secured among other papers the Chalmers collection of letters and documents relating to Virginia from 1606 to 1775. They were in turn sold to Samuel Latham Mitchell Barlow, a lawyer and notable collector of New York City, from whom a part were purchased by the library, while others came to the Lenox with the Bancroft transcripts in 1893. Chalmers had been a clerk in the State paper office and seems to have taken these extracts, outlines, and sometimes full copies from the Plantation office papers, since he continually refers to them in his Political Annals. a

See a statement by Victor H. Paltsits, April 14, 1896, inserted in the first volume of these papers now in the Lenox.

The Bancroft papers relating to Virginia and the Simancas Archives are well bound, clear, and apparently careful, correct, and full copies of the documents included. The first two volumes of the Bancroft collection bearing on the Virginia Company are transcripts of many of the documents in the State paper office, probably made in 1852 by Noel Sainsbury, but the list is not complete. While the peculiar and characteristic signs of abbreviation are not followed, the orthog- raphy seems to be accurate throughout. Furthermore, the collection includes the document entire, unless otherwise indicated. The table of contents is careful and correct. b

The documents transcribed in both the Chalmers-Barlow and the Bancroft volumes are noted in the List of Records under "Remarks."

The most unique collection in England for the study of the Virginia Company is that in the possession of Magdelene College, Cambridge. As the property of Nicholas and John Ferrar, who were second only to Sir Edwin Sandys in their activity in the company, it would be invaluable; but its importance is further enhanced by the fact that it contains the correspondence and papers of Sir Edwin Sandys himself. These seventy-eight papers, which are either records of the company or vitally concern it, cover the period of the Sandys-Southampton influence from 1617 to the summer of 1623. They were the property of Dr. Peckard, master of Magdalene College in 1790, and were bequeathed to the college upon his death. It is probable that the greater part of the collection came from the Ferrar family through Dr. Peckard's wife, Martha Ferrar, the great granddaugher of John Ferrar, since the Virginia papers form but one-third of the group. The remain- ing papers concern family affairs only, and date from 1601 to the middle of the eighteenth century. Some of them are doubtless those received from the Earl of Dorset by Dr. Peckard, when he was preparing his Memoirs of Nicholas Ferrar. a

In this work Dr. Peckard states that the Earl of Dorset had had his library searched and had sent him a few loose papers belonging to the Virginia Company.

The first knowledge of the Ferrar papers in later years was communicated to the Virginia Magazine of History by Michael Lloyd Ferrar, Little Gidding. Ealing, England. He sent a number of transcripts and photographs of letters to the maga- zine for publication, among which were some half dozen bearing on the affairs of the company, but the number which he was permitted to reproduce was limited by the college. While Mr. Ferrar was completing a history of the Ferrar family the entire collection was deposited at his home, and it was therefore in Ealing in the fall of 1903 that the Editor was first permitted by the authorities of the college to "see and note the contents" of the papers. Before the following summer Mr. Ferrar had died and the collection had been returned to Cambridge, where complete trans- cripts of all letters and photographs of all documents relating to the Virginia Company were made for the Library of Congress under the supervision of the Editor.

These papers are loose, many of them being much damaged, and it is apparent that they are a part of a larger collection which must have been neglected while in the possession of the family. There are some envelopes without letters, many rough memoranda by both Nicholas and John Ferrar, some account books, and some rough drafts of petitions to the House of Commons and of discussions on the silkworm. The autographs which they furnish of both Nicholas and John Ferrar have been of no little interest, as well as value, for the identification of other papers in the Public Record Office, and in the Library of Congress. Furthermore, the proof that Nicholas Ferrar himself supervised the transcript of the court book is thus gained.

In this collection are twenty-three papers which are veritable records of the company. a

List of Records, Nos. 76, 138, 164, 258, 259, 303, 304, 394, 421, 423, 470, 479, 539, 541, 543, and the quo warranto.

The series, consisting of twenty letters from Sir Edwin Sandys to John Ferrar, shows more clearly than any other documents we possess b

For these letters see Ibid., Nos. 120, 131, 135, 136, 171, 181, 191, 197, 211, 219, 271, 275, 282, 307, 315, 316, 317, 364, 368.

The last group of these papers comprises thirty-five letters, all but one or two of which were written by planters or adventurers, resident in the colony, to Sir Edwin Sandys. a

For these letters, see List of Records, Nos. 93, 94, 115, 119, 134, 153, 156, 158, 166, 173, 179, 180, 235, 238, 239, 241, 243–250, 252–255, 285, 343, 466.

A class of documents, very similar in character but of quite different spirit is the Manchester papers, now in the Public Record Office, London. Robert, Earl of Warwick, and his cousin, Sir Nathaniel Rich, were both members of the company. Sir Nathaniel was a leader in the Warwick faction, while Earl Robert, after the dissolution of the company in 1624, became a member of the council for Virginia. The third wife of the Earl was Eleanor, Countess of Sussex, daughter of Richard Wortley, and she, after the death of the Earl of Warwick, married, as her fourth husband, Edward Montague, second Earl of Manchester. Thus it is that the Kimbolton manuscripts, which are the records of the Duke of Manchester, contain a large collection of petitions, declarations, memoranda, letters, and lists which emanated from the Warwick faction of the Virginia Company. a

These Manchester papers are calendared by the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, Report VIII, Part 2.

The Manchester and the Ferrar papers therefore present the two sides of this conflict, not in open court or even in private contest, but in the private documents and memoranda of the leaders. The collections are of about the same size, there being sixty-six papers in the Manchester series, to seventy-eight in the Ferrar group. These, also, are unbound, but since the greater part are rough notes of documents, or drafts of propositions or speeches, they are much more difficult to decipher than the Ferrar papers. Indeed many of them are almost illegible, and not a few are unintelligible, having no connecting thought.

A dozen of these papers may be considered documentary; that is, rough copies of letters, petitions, and declarations, or of acts of the company, or of its members and officers in an official capacity. A few of these only are to be found among the other records of the company. Like the rest of the set, they, almost without exception, concern the accusations against the Sandys-Southampton management. Three of them are petitions or letters concerning the extent of the tobacco trade, but the rest are petitions to the King against one faction or the other, and answers to those petitions. Of these, one of the most important is a copy of the opinion of counsel concerning the powers conferred on the Virginia Company by the several letters patent. b

List of Records, p. 140, No. 170.

List of Records, No. 438.

A letter from Sir Edwin Sandys to John Ferrar, cited in the List of Records, No. 317.

The other large group of Virginia records, consisting of over one hundred and twenty separate documents, is found among the colonial and domestic papers deposited in the Public Record Office. The source of this collection is uncertain. Much of it came from the Plantation Office, and perhaps from the Privy Council Office. The consolidation of depositories took place in 1578, but the efforts of Dr. Thomas Wilson, the first clerk of the papers, to force the previous and incumbent magistrates to hand over all documents to the State, were evidently often unavailing, and hence it was that the creation of a State Paper Office was not really accomplished until the period of the company. After Sir Thomas Wilson succeeded his uncle during the reign of James I the aid of the King was much relied upon, and, though partially successful, the recent revelation of quasi- public documents in private collections shows that not only earlier but later officials considered papers of record private property. c

Scargill-Bird, A Guide to the Documents in the Public Record Office, Introduction, p. xxxvi. See also W. N. Sainsbury, "Calendar of Documents relating to the History of the State Paper Office to the year 1800," in the Deputy Keepers Report, No. 30, Appendix, No. 7, pp. 212–293.

Among the State Papers deposited in the Record Office are the letters to John Ferrar, dated from Virginia in April, 1623, which may have been seized by the commission appointed on May 9, 1623, to investigate the affairs of the com- pany. There, too, are found the attested copies of letters and records in the colony which concern the Harvey Commission, sent to the commission in England by Edward Sharpless. A few of these papers seem to have belonged to the company, such as the documents pertaining to the Walloons and dated 1621; Pory's report from Virginia, in the same year; and two copies of documents by Collingwood, dated the latter part of 1623. a

List of Records, pp. 145, ff., Nos. 227, 243, 444, 520, 579.

For a discussion of the fate of the missing records and the probability as to their existence, see ch. V, post.

The colonial papers and the domestic correspondence include about forty-eight which are records, and about nineteen which are documentary in character. The first group contains, among other papers, many of the petitions and letters addressed to the King and to the Privy Council, and many others of the council. It is thus apparent that the royal correspondence of the Privy Council and the Privy Council papers which should accompany the register are in this collection. To the second group belong those papers which contain projects presented by individuals and answers to such propositions, lists of adventures for the company, and also lists of men sent to the colony and of lands granted in Virginia. Among these papers are seven letters from colonists, in addition to about fifty which may be consid- ered subsidiary correspondence in that they refer incidentally to the affairs of the company. Such are the Mandeville-Conway, Middlesex-Conway, Chamberlain- Carleton, Conway-Calvert, and Nethersole-Carleton letters.

In the libels of the admiralty court, instance and prize, are found records of suits in which the Virginia Company is plaintiff. As a part of the controversy in which William Wye appears as defendant is the suit of Yonge vs. Roberts; while the fragment of the record of the Earl of Warwick vs. Edward Bruister concerning the trouble over the ships Neptune and Treasurer completes the list of cases in that court which in any way affect the Virginia Company. The latter is so torn and defaced that but for an occasional date or fact, it affords no information of value. Among the other formal material of the suit against Wye are two valuable documents, namely, the commission given to Wye and a letter from the treasurer and council to Sir George Yeardley, dated June 21, 1619. In the latter are valuable references to Argall, and the complaints against Wye, though torn and illegible, reveal something of the loss estimated as resulting from the failure to settle the passengers in Virginia. These records of the admiralty court have not hereto- fore been published, although they were cited by R. G. Marsden in his discussion of those documents. a

R. G. Marsden, "Records of the Admiralty Court" in the Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, new series, Vol. XVI, 90–96. Many parts of these records are undecipherable, and as a result the transcripts made for the Library of Congress are incomplete.

The record of the quo warranto suit by which the Virginia Company was over- thrown has been erroneously declared to be not extant, a mistake due to a differ- ence in view with regard to the court out of which such a writ would be issued and as to the court in which the writ would be returnable. Hence the search for the document has hitherto been conducted in the Petty Bag of the Chancery instead of in the coram rege roll of the King's Bench. It was in the latter roll that the full record of the writ, the pleadings, and the judgment were discovered by the Editor in the fall of 1903. b

For a discussion of the content of the document, see post, p. 103.

P. 166.

In the Record Office are also the docquet books, which afford some knowledge of the grants of the King affecting the customs on tobacco, and the patent rolls, which contain the letters patent of 1606, 1609, and 1612. In the colonial entry books and among the proclamations of the King are orders of the Privy Council and of the King, all of which are recorded in the Privy Council register.

Since the Privy Council took no direct part in the affairs of the company between 1617 and the summer of 1622, its orders related to those regulations which would enable the acts of the company to advance the interests of the kingdom, leaving absolute power to the company as the proprietor. Thus fully one-half of its thirty measures during those five years were reprieves of prisoners, with the warrants nec- essary to send them to Virginia or orders enabling children to be transferred from the cities of the kingdom to the colony. During this period the Crown commenced its attempts to secure a revenue from the tobacco trade, and a series of orders finally resulted in the approval of the contract with the company in February of 1622/3. In its foreign and external relations the company was of course subject to the action of the Privy Council, and hence the orders in council concerned the contest with Spain over the attack of the Treasurer. Furthermore, the disagreement with the northern colony concerning fishing privileges had to be adjusted by the council and resulted in the renewal of the patent to the northern colony and in regulations as to rights of fishing. It was in the summer of 1622 that the first movement was made which brought the difficulties between the factions into the open board. The petition of John Bargrave against Sir Thomas Smythe, Alderman Johnson, and others, in which they were accused of mismanagement, resulted in the defeat of Bargrave six months later, as was to have been expected from the hostility of the Crown to the party in Parliament led by Sir Edwin Sandys, of which Bargrave was evidently a member at that time. But the storm broke in the following April, when the commission was appointed to inquire into the true state of the Virginia and Somers Islands companies. From that date until the dissolution of the com- pany in the summer of 1624 the council busied itself with the affairs of the company. No less than 31 orders are recorded which create commissions and empower them to investigate both the colony and the company and in the end to assume the functions of government in the name of the Crown, while seven of these documents pass directly between the council and the colony, and no other measures were con- sidered except those which enabled the Warwick faction to tear down the work of the adventurers and to take into its own hands the control of the entire business. These forms of government, planned by the Crown and the commissions here recorded, by which the authority was vested in the commissioners and later in a committee of the Privy Council, stand for the beginning of royal control. Here- tofore, with a few exceptions, these orders have been known only through the calendar of state papers, and even then not more than one-half have been included.

The Privy Council Office and its records are located in the treasury building, Whitehall, London; the registers of the council orders are kept in the clerk's office but all of the early registers are properly about to be transferred to the Public Record Office. These registers contain the orders of the council, and, after Charles I, also the petitions received and the letters issued by the council. In the earlier reigns such documents were not recorded; whether they were even preserved as public documents is not certain, although, as stated above, many of them have found their way to the Record Office and are there calendared among the colonial, domestic, or foreign papers. There is a collection of such original material, dating from the close of the seventeenth century, in the treasury building. a

The clerk's office is entered from Downing street, but the library containing the original docu- ments must be reached through the main entrance on Whitehall.

The collection of manuscripts from which the most valuable returns might be expected is in the British Museum. The documents there deposited are small in number but they are of great value, and none of them have heretofore been printed. The originals of the precedents for patents of the Virginia Company, which are now noted for the first time, evidently formed a part of the records of the company, and it may be that they are some of the copies of the records made under the supervision of Nicholas Ferrar, or they may be the drafts of patents which were filed by the company according to an order of its court. Not only is the writing similar to much of that in the contemporary transcripts of the court book, but they are unsigned copies, and the headings of a number of them seem to be in the autograph of Edward Collingwood. The caption of the series shows that the copies were made for the sake of preserving the form, and reads as follows: "Presidents of Patents, Grants & Commissioners by the Virginia Company. 1621." b

"List of Records," pp. 149 ff., Nos. 256, 257, 267, 276–278, 298, 299, 323–325. The volume is cata- logued as Additional MSS., 14285.

These papers form the last group in a volume which contains "A Catalogue of the Nobility of England in the time of King James the first," 1626, and "A list of all the Officers belonging to Courts of Justice the Kings household & Reuenue wth their seuerall fees." There are several signs for identification, but none which indicate the original owner of the volume. It is a small quarto in leather, bearing the signature, "H Cowle A. 29," on the inner cover, and also the arms of James Bindley with the motto, "unus et idem." At the bottom of the same cover is written the following: "Purchased at the sale of W. Berwicks library at Sotheby's, 27 Apr. 1863. (Lot 427)," while on the second fly leaf in the upper right-hand corner is the inscription: "The gift of Mr Dan1 Prince, Bookseller. Oxford—July 23d. 1776." Farther than this the history of the papers is unknown.

Another set of documents in the Museum is also unique. One of these sup- plies all that is known outside of the court book and a single reference in Argall's register book regarding the controversy over the grant of land to John Martin in Virginia. The other letters from Martin to his brother-in-law, Sir Julius Cæsar, written in December, 1622, give startling suggestions with regard to an ideal policy for the colony. "The manner howe to bringe in the Indians into subiection wth out makinge an utter extirpation of them ..." is the heading of the paper in which Martin proposes to disable the main body of the enemy by cutting them off from their sources of supply at home and by destroying their trade. He would thus require two hundred soldiers "Contynuallie harrowinge and burneinge all their Townes in wynter." By this means and by gaining a store of grain for two years' supply, he plans for the recovery from the massacre. In order to secure the entire territory from the Indians, in a second letter he propounds a scheme by which the Crown or the company can make a "Royall plantation for gods glory his Matie: and Royall progenyes euer happines and the Companies exceedinge good." The responsibility and control was to be thrown upon the shires of England. The fact that the Martin letters have not heretofore been generally known may be due to an error in the catalogue. They appear under the name "Tho. Martin" instead of "Jho. Martin." a

List of Records, Nos. 378, 384, 385.

Two other projects for the advancement of the colony are in the same collection of papers; one by Captain Bargrave, brother of the Dean of Canterbury, is dated December 8, 1623, and the other a year later. The latter relates to the division of income from tobacco between the King, the planter, and the grower, with a reward to those endeavoring to preserve the plantation, but approves the Ditchfield offer. The Ditchfield offer itself is also in this collection. a

List of Records, Nos. 604 and 733.

Two collections of printed material of the company are to be found in England, the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries. While the British Museum has a large number of the earlier publications, it possesses only the declaration of June 22, 1620, and also the unique note of shipping of 1620, the only other copy of which is owned by the Society of Antiquaries. The collection of that society is rich in royal proclamations, besides possessing a copy of the Note of Shipping, 1621, and of the Inconveniences of 1622. The scattering documents to be found in private collections throughout England are often valuable, but nowhere else is to be found any considerable number of papers or any that are of great importance. b

For those documents in private collections, see the List of Records. In the concluding section of this "Introduction" will be found a discussion of the collections which have been searched in vain for material relating to the Virginia Company. Furthermore, a statement will there be found of those families in whose possession we should expect to find Virginia records, because of their connection with the men prominent in the company or in the commissions which supplanted the company. A very helpful article, entitled "The Stuart Papers," is published by Mrs. S. C. Lomas, in the Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, new series, XVI, 97–132.

In order to comprehend what the records of the company were and what their value, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the system which the corporation worked out in order to further its purposes. The forms and usages of the company after 1619 were determined by the charters granted by the King and by the "Orders and Constitutions" which it adopted in 1619 and printed in June, 1620, a

List of Records, No 183.

The membership of the company was unlimited and was granted by the courts to anyone who had "adventured" ¥12 10s. for a share of stock or to whom the com- pany had awarded a share of stock for services. b

MS. Records of the Virginia Company of London, Court Book, Vol. I, Nov. 15, 1619.

Ibid., II, Feb. 19, 1622/3; I, Nov. 3, 1619.

The members met in four great or quarter courts, held on the last Wednesday except one of each law term. On the Monday preceding they assembled in a prepar- ative court and on every Wednesday fortnight thereafter in a common or ordinary court, as required by the charter of 1612; and they might also be summoned to an extraordinary court by the treasurer or deputy. The meetings were held in the private houses of various members of the company a

MS. Records of the Virginia Company of London, Court Book, Vol. II, May 24, 1623.

In the quarter court the adventurers elected all councilors and principal officers of the company and colony, made all laws and ordinances, confirmed all grants of land, settled all questions of trade, and passed all measures which should bind the company for a term of years. Their action with regard to questions of a new charter and of investment for the colony was legal only when transacted in a quarter court, but they might transfer to other courts actions which concerned correspondence with the lord treasurer or similar business. Fifteen of the generality and five of the council formed a quorum for the ordinary courts, and in those they signed warrants, ordered the payment of bills passed by the auditors, and sealed bills of adventure. In that meeting also were perfected commissions for transportation of men and provisions and for trade and barter. Special officers and committees were appointed in this court, and even actions of great importance, such as the dissolution of the magazine or the extension of freedom of the company to hon- orary members, were consummated. b

Ibid., I, Dec. 15, 1619; Dec. 3, 1619; Jan. 12, 1619/20; Feb. 16, 1619/20; Feb. 22, 1619/20.

The officers chosen by the company were a council, a treasurer, a deputy, auditors, a general committee of sixteen, a secretary, a bookkeeper, a husband, and a beadle. The adventurers looked to the treasurer or governor not only as the president and moderator, but as the manager of their business interests, and expected him to be responsible for the policy of the company in its relations with the govern- ment and to formulate and present plans for the development of the plantation and the profit of the adventurers. To him was entrusted the supervision of the treasury and the collection of moneys.

The care of the court books was given to the deputy. It was his duty to attend to the engrossing of the orders and resolutions of the courts, the registration of letters to and from the company, and the formulation of statements to be given to the public. He also kept the court of the committees and supervised the issue of warrants.

The council was a body, gradually increasing in size, elected for life, and was sworn by the lord chancellor or by the lord chamberlain. In the earlier years it was the most important committee of the generality of the company, but after 1621 its duties seem oftentimes to have been assigned to the auditors or to special committees. According to the "Orders and Constitutions" its chief care was the preparation of laws for the company and for the colony, the issue of instructions to the governor and council of the colony, and the formation of a preliminary court for the trial of the officers of the company or of the colony. But the practice in the courts was to refer to it those difficult duties for which its titled and distinguished personnel made it especially fit. To it was referred, as a final resort, the examination of the claims of John Martin, the attempts to gain a statement of accounts from the old magazine, and the settlement or arbitration of both the Bargrave and the Argall cases. a

MS. Records of the Virginia Company of London, Court Book, Vol. I, Nov. 17, 1619; Nov. 3, 1619; June 28, 1620.

A body called the "committees" was at first composed of twelve members, six being chosen annually, but later the number was increased to sixteen, four being elected anew each year. b

Ibid., I, May 2, 1621.

The auditors formed the other important standing committee, composed of seven members, elected annually. The chief duty assigned to them by the "Orders and Constitutions" was that of reducing to a book the receipts and expenditures. The court book discloses the fact that the company imposed upon them the burden of examining all claims against the company, as well as all claims of the company, of investigating the accounts of the lottery and of the magazine, of determining the awards of land or of shares for service or for adventure, of perfecting all patents and grants, and even of investigating controversies, such as the Bargrave and Martin cases and the dispute as to the seal and coat of arms. c

Ibid, I, June 24, 1619; Dec. 15, 1619; Feb. 2, 1619/20; Feb. 16, 1619/20; May 23, 1620. For a discussion of the seal of the company, see Cooke, "Clayborne the Rebel," in the Magazine of American History, New York, Vol. X (1883); and also Baxter, "Great Seal of the Council for New England" in Ibid., Vol. XI (1884).

The other officers performed such duties as usually pertain to those who hold the corresponding titles. d

A report of the committee appointed to describe the "particular duties" of the several officers is among the Manchester papers. It is incorporated in the published "Laws and Orders." List of Records, No. 105.

As the business of the company increased additional officers were chosen, as those for the control and execution of the lotteries and of the tobacco contract; while the custom of referring important matters to special committees grew rapidly, until in the later years many duties were transferred to them from the council, and even from the auditors. In this way such affairs as the securing of men to send to the colony, the provisioning of ships, the hearing of petitions, the investigating of claims, the sending of maids to the colony, the planning for new settlements and industries, the representing of the interests of the company in Parliament, the defending of the company in the suit of the quo warranto were intrusted to special committees. a

Court Book, July 13, December 15, 1619; March 2, 1619/20; June 26, July 7, 12, November 15, December 13, 1620; July 3, October 7, November 6, 1622.

In order to secure legality of action, the "Orders and Constitutions" were read at one quarter court each year, since in those meetings the measures of great importance were determined. b

Ibid., I, Jan. 31, 1619/20.

Ibid., II, Dec. 11, 1622; Jan. 14, 1623; Feb. 4, 1622/23; Dec. 11, 1622.

The reward for services rendered by the officers was determined by the court and set down in the Orders and Constitutions. The annual payment to the secre- tary was ¥20, to the beadle ¥40, to the husband ¥50, and to the bookkeeper ¥50. Although the chief officials and committees received no salary, at the expira- tion of the year's term of office it was customary to award 20 acres of land in Virginia to each individual, with the provision that such land should not be sold. The company similarly rewarded individuals who had rendered great service, but sometimes it granted shares of stock instead, or agreed to transport for the indi- vidual a certain number of men free of charge. Shares thus given could not be sold below par value of ¥12 10s. d

Ibid., I, June 28, 1620; November 15, 1620; May 2, 1621.

(1)

• The old adventurer who had paid at least ¥12 10s. for a share of stock, and who thus owned, rent free, at least 100 acres of land after the first division which took place in 1616.

(2)

• The new adventurer who had exactly the same privileges, except that after seven years he must pay 12d. to the company for each 50 acres gained by trans portation of settlers.

(3)

• The adventurer who received a share of stock for service or for adventure of person and who would have the privileges of an old or of a new adventurer according to whether he received the award before or after 1619.

(4)

• The individual who had received a grant of land for service or who had purchased land and had not yet gained the grant of shares of stock by adventure of his person or by sending out planters.

(5)

• The individual who had purchased land of a debtor of the company and could not become free of the courts until the debts were paid.

It will thus be seen that ownership of land and possession of freedom of the company were not always coexistent, but that each involved the possibility of the other. a

"Orders and Constitutions:" List of Records, No. 183. Court Book, I, May 2, 1621; June 28, 1620; Nov. 15, 1620.

Ibid., II, July 9, 1623.

The company was thus a body of adventurers, who had gained the freedom of the company by payment of money, by rendering a service, or by settlement of land in Virginia. It was presided over by a treasurer chosen by itself at will, and conducted all of its business through its regularly elected officers or committees, or by special committees. According to the "Orders and Constitutions" it kept a complete record of its actions in the courts and compelled its officers and committees to do the same. Provision was thus made for six books which were to contain the following records:

(1)

• Copies of the letters patents, and also of all letters, orders, and directions from the King and his council, as well as the replies of the company.

(2)

• The laws and standing orders passed in quarter courts for the company and for the colony.

(3)

• A register of all patents, charters, and indentures of validity granted by the company, of all instructions issued by the council, and of all public letters sent to or received from Virginia.

(4)

• The acts of the general courts.

(5)

• The acts of the committees; invoices of provisions sent to Virginia by the company; the certificates of the receipts to be returned from Virginia; invoices of goods sent from Virginia with the husband's certificate of receipt or defect.

(6)

• The names of adventurers, by payment of money or by rendering service, to whom shares of land had been given, together with the number of shares belonging to each person; the lawful transfers of shares from one to another; the names of His Majesty's council for Virginia.

(6a)

• The names of all planters in Virginia on the public and on the private plantations separately, based on the certificates from the governor and council in Virginia and from the heads of each plantation. a

  A note of such a list of men sent to Virginia during the time of Sir Thos. Smythe is among the Manchester papers. List of Records, No. 443.

All of these books were in the custody of the Secretary, and were to be kept in the company's chest, together with the originals of the letters patents and all other papers. In his custody also were the husband's books of accounts of every voyage to Virginia, all accounts approved by the auditors, the canceled and uncanceled charter parties, and all bonds issued to the company.

The proof of the care with which the company kept its records is found in the contemporary copy of the court book, and in a few scattering originals and copies of originals which are preserved among the Ferrar and Manchester papers and in the British Museum. That all of the books required by the orders and constitutions were really kept can not be proved, since not a page nor a copy of a page of many of them is known to be extant; but the copy of the court book serves as an evidence that the laws were as carefully obeyed in this respect as in others. The references in the minutes to many of these records, the inser- tion of many of them in the copy of the court book, and the continual provision for supplementary records all go to show that the "Orders and Constitutions" furnish a reliable outline of the records kept by the company.

The books which the courts added to the list of records from time to time reveal an increasing effort to conduct the business in an orderly manner. Imme- diately upon assuming his duties as treasurer, Sir Edwin Sandys instituted an investigation of the accounts of Sir Thomas Smythe. In this connection four books and four rolls were prepared containing the subscriptions, which had been made for carrying on the business, and a list of the adventurers with the sums invested during the previous years. The treasurer made a similar request of the deputy, John Ferrar, on September 18, 1620, in which he asked that the secretary and Mr. Carter should make three catalogues of the adventurers indebted to the company in order that they might be given to a solicitor for collection. He throws light upon the customary carelessness by urging that the lists should be made "from the company's books and not from memory," lest many a ¥12 10s should be lost. a

List of Records, No. 211.

On May 17, 1620, three books of the deputy were audited. The first contained an account of the money disbursed for provisions, b

Two warrants are preserved among the Ferrar papers, one addressed to the Earl of Southamp- ton and one to Deputy John Ferrar. List of Records, p. 149, Nos. 258, 259.

Court Book, II, Nov. 18, 1622.

Provision was made in 1620 for keeping duplicates of all patents issued. A part of this series is now deposited in the British Museum, from which the various kinds of patents and the terms for each may be discovered. d

Ante, p. 67. "Order of Court," I, June 26, 1620.

Court Book, I, Dec. 13, 1620; Jan. 31, 1620/21.

Court Book, II, Oct. 23, 1622.

Ibid., II, Nov. 18, 1622; Nov. 20, 1622.

Ibid., I, May 8, 1622; II, July 4, 1623.

With the increase in trade and the establishment of the company magazines new measures were adopted for controlling the business. These often consisted of separate documents rather than books. A statement was thus required of the deputy certifying that the freight had been paid before any goods should be delivered, and invoices were also demanded of the cape merchant. d

Ibid., I, Apr. 3, 1620.

Ibid., I, Jan. 16, 1621–22; Feb. 27, 1621–22.

The paucity of the actual extant documents of the company has made the circumstances of the transcription of the court book the more interesting and its authenticity the more important.

As the growing controversy between the two factions of the company resulted in serious accusations of mismanagement by sundry adventurers and planters, the Crown soon appointed a commission to investigate the affairs of the company, with a consequent sequestering of all of the company's court books in May, 1623. f

Court Book, II, May 14, 1623.

"Some directions for the collecting materiall for the writing the life of Nich: Ferrar," a manu- script in the Cambridge University Library, Mm. 1.46 (Baker 35), pp. 389–432, especially p. 392.

During the following year the activities of Nicholas Ferrar, as well as the attention of other members of the company, must have been under great strain. The time not taken in attendance "twice or thrice a week" a

Peckard, Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, pp. 89–167.

According to the attestation two full courts were omitted, May 30, 1620, and June 1, 1622, and also a part of May 20, 1620. The Robinson abstracts comprise a little more than about one-half of the original records and are much more complete for the later years when the controversy with the King over the tobacco contract and the abuses of the company was being carried on. The part of the court book which reveals most with regard to internal organization, commercial activity, and inner life of the company is not included in these abstracts. Thus such data as that which concerns the trouble with Spain over the Treasurer, the suit with William Wye, the accusations against Samuel Argall, the old magazine, the Pierce patent, and many other private grants are not included. More- over, a comparison of the publication with the original manuscript shows that the John Randolph of Roanoke copy was used almost exclusively, and many inaccuracies have resulted.

Order of the Privy Council, June 26, 1624: List of Records, No. 689.

The commission was sealed July 15, 1624: Ibid., No. 701.

For these quotations see Discourse of the Old Company of Virginia addressed to the Lords of the Privy Council, April, 1625. List of Records, No. 759.

How these transcripts were made, and especially what became of them at that time, and where they remained for the following half century can be a matter of conjecture only, based on the divers statements of contemporary authorities. These are three in number:

(1)

• The Discourse of the Old Company of Virginia addressed to the Privy Council, May, 1625.

(2)

• The Memoirs of the Life of Nicholas Ferrar by Dr. Peckard in 1790.

(3)

• A Short Collection of the Most Remarkable Passages from the originall to the dissolution of the Virginia Company, by Arthur Woodnoth, written between 1635 and 1645, and printed in 1651 by Richard Cotes. a

  This pamphlet is in the volume entitled: Copy of a Petition from The Governor and Company of the Sommer Islands, with Annexed Papers, presented to the Right Honorable The Councel of State July the 19th, 1651. London, Printed for Edward Husband, 1651.

The Discourse of the Old Company gives much the same history of the records as does Dr. Peckard. The facts set forth by the latter were taken from the "Memoirs of Nicholas Ferrar" by his brother John, about 1654, and therefore this work may be considered as based on contemporary authority. According to Dr. Peckard, Nicholas Ferrar, knowing that malice was at work, procured a clerk to copy out all the court books and other writings and caused them to be carefully collated with the original. It cost him the sum of ¥50, which he thought was the best service he could render the company. After the seizure of all the muniments of the company, and after Lord Treasurer Middlesex had procured sentence against the company, Mr. Ferrar informed Sir Edward Sandys and others of what he had done. These men were greatly rejoiced and advised that the copies be taken to the Earl of Southampton, who was so overcome that he is said to have embraced Mr. Ferrar and to have declared that he valued them as an evidence of his honor more than as evidences of his land. John Ferrar is quoted as having stated that the Earl of Southampton was advised not to keep these records in his house and so delivered them to Sir Robert Killigrew, who left them on his death to Sir Edward Sackville, the Earl of Dorset. Mr. Ferrar continues that the Earl of Dor- set died in 1652, but he hopes the records are still in the possession of the Earl's family. b

Peckard, pp. 155–156.

Certain it is that Dr. Peckard had a large collection of manuscripts which concerned the Virginia Company, some of which must be considered a part of the records of the company, for such were the Ferrar papers described above which Dr. Peckard bequeathed to Magdalene College, Cambridge. That some of them, at least, came from the Earl of Dorset's family is to be concluded from the statement of Dr. Peckard that the "Duke had had his library searched and found a few loose papers, which he sent to him." c

See discussion of the Ferrar papers, pp. 59 ff., ante.

The statement by Woodnoth, who was a nephew of Nicholas Ferrar, that Sir John Danvers had the transcripts of the records made in order to keep out of the way an indigent man who had been employed by the company as a copyist and who might be persuaded to say something ill of Sandys and of Southampton, does not bear the stamp of truth or even of probability. There may have been a copy made by Danvers, but the internal evidence reveals that the existing volumes in the Library of Congress were not transcribed by any one man, and that the work was accomplished under the personal direction of Nicholas Ferrar. a

A Short Collection of the Most Remarkable Passages from the originall to the dissolution of the Virginia Company, pp. 17–18. The description here given of Southampton's attitude on receiving the books is similar to that given by Dr. Peckard.

The contemporary copies of the court books, which are now in the Library of Congress and which may well be called the Ferrar copies, consist of two volumes of large quarto size well bound in rough calf. About 1898 the books were boxed, that is, repaired with new backs without disturbing the sewing. The old labels were pasted on the new backs and bear the title in gold letters on red leather: Record / of the Virgin: / Compan:/, while gold letters on black leather indicate the volume: Vol. / I. / and Vol. / II. / . In the first volume manila strips are pasted from the inner cover to the first and to the last fly leaf in order to strengthen the binding. The paper is of the seventeenth century type, hand-made and uneven in texture. In the first volume there are three hundred and fifty-four pages, with five fly leaves in the front and seven in the back, while the second contains three hundred and eighty-seven pages preceded by three fly leaves and followed by four, with two extra manila pages in both the front and back. The pencil entries on the first leaf of the first volume are as follows: "Records of the / Virginia Company / of London./ Vol I. April 28, 1619 to May 8, 1622. / Vol 2. May 20, 1622 to June 7, 1627./ The above title in hand of / Mr. A. R. Spofford / Sig.: H. F[rieden wald] b

Mr. Spofford was the Librarian of Congress from 1864 to 1897. Mr. Friedenwald was in charge of the Division of Manuscripts from 1897 to 1900.

The letter on page 366 is identical with that on page 71 of the fragile seventeenth century papers referred to above as Vol. III, pt. ii, of the Records of the Virginia Company.

The discovery of the Ferrar papers has made it possible to make a final state- ment both as to the method of the transcription of the documents and as to its accuracy, for the autographs there found of Nicholas Ferrar and also of his clerk or business agent in his private accounts prove indisputably that these two men supervised and carried on the copying of the volumes. b

For examples of the autograph of Nicholas Ferrar and of that of his assistant, Thomas Collett(?), see the plates in this volume.

For the documents thus inserted in the Court Book see List of Records under "References." For an illustration of the insertion of the documents see the plates in this volume.

As to the identity of the other three or four distinct autographs, in which the remaining part of the volumes appear, nothing has been determined. The first and third copyists are distinctly different in style, while what appears as the writing of a fourth and a sixth clerk may possibly be identical with that of the first. With the exception of the autograph of Nicholas Ferrar, the whole is clearly, carefully, and legibly written in the characteristic running hand of the period, resembling the chancery hand. The spelling, capitalization, and abbrevia- tions are distinctive and characteristic of each copyist. The use of curved lines to complete blank spaces at the end of the line, and often at the bottom and top of the page, shows the labor expended to make the transcript accurate and complete. The memoranda at the end of the volumes declare that the transcript had been carefully collated with the original "courte booke" and with the authentic docu- ments by the secretaries, Edward Waterhouse and Edward Collingwood, in the first volume, and by Thomas Collett and Edward Collingwood in the second. That the insertions were copied from the original documents is shown by the statement in the memorandum of volume II that in two instances the letters had been missing for purpose of collation. Many pages reveal the corrections of errors or omissions of the copyist. In most instances this was done by Edward Collingwood himself, though sometimes by Thomas Collett. a

For the evidence that the corrections are by Edward Collingwood, compare the autographs as shown in the plates of Vol. II, post.

Signatures of Edward Collingwood may also be found in the Public Record Office among the State Papers Colonial, II, Nos. 10–11, 13, 19 (II, III). His signature is reproduced from the first Plymouth Patent, June 1, 1621, in the Massachusetts Historical Collections, Series 4, Vol. II, p. 163.

In addition to this internal evidence of accuracy, further proof of the care with which the books were transcribed is found among the Ferrar papers. The records of four courts were there discovered, which are almost identical with those of the same date in the Library of Congress volumes. c

Compare the plates in Vol. II, post. These courts are dated March 7, 1622/3, July 4, 1623, July 9, 1623, January 25, 1623/4.

Post, Plates in Vol. II.

For any variations of importance, see footnotes to documents in the "Court Book," post, I, II.

The system by which the minutes of the courts were kept is thus outlined in the minutes; the court book was first drawn up by the secretary, was approved by the deputy, and later accepted or corrected by the court. c

Court Book, I, Dec. 11, 1622.

List of Records, No. 465.

Introducing each court is a list of the adventurers in attendance. A comparison of the number with the number of votes cast as recorded shows that these are quite complete for the quarter courts, but in the ordinary courts either the attendance was very small or the entry was incomplete, since the list is often terminated with the expression "and divers others." It was sometimes entered later than the transcript of the body of the text, as though from a book of attendance, but no mention of a roll book is found among the records. This part of the book alone furnishes a valuable comment upon the social classes interested in the undertaking and from it may be gained a knowledge of the faithfulness of the members and especially of the factions which developed toward the close of its history.

The order of business does not seem to have been regular. The approval of the previous court is usually recorded first, although many times this is deferred until the quarter court; then follows the report of the treasurer, through which the important matters to be determined are presented to the court, and the hearing of petitions, passing of shares, and grants of land appear at the end of the session.

In the ordinary courts were propounded all of those matters which did not require action in the general court and often many measures for preliminary dis- cussion which were postponed for final action to the fuller court. Thus the records of the common courts and also of the preparative courts usually contain the full reports and discussions of the various subjects, while the statements in the quarter courts are brief and perfunctory, embodying the decisions reached in the lesser courts. The reports of officers, from which so much concerning the financial status is to be learned, are entered in the minutes of the general court. To trace the course of any question necessitates a search through all of the courts, but in the quarter courts will be found the elections and the final action on all laws and ordinances, on the patents for private plantations or monopolies, or, in short, on all measures by which the company would be bound for a term of years.

The business recorded during the first two years of the Sandys administration concerned the establishment of laws and orders in the company and in the colony, the systematizing of methods, the formation of joint stock companies for the erection of new industries in Virginia, and the opening up of new adventures. But after the massacre early in the year 1622, the whole tone of the book changes. Personal feuds and quarrels, complaints, and accusations fill the pages. Whether the friction was due to the extreme distress brought about by the attack of the Indians or whether it was but the excuse for open opposition by the party of the Crown, which had been rapidly developing, is difficult to determine. From the spring of 1622 until February, 1622/3, the burden of the record concerns the tobacco contract with the Crown. It resulted in the discussion of salaries for the officers and the quarrel with Samuel Wroth, which occupied the attention of the company for three months. Then followed the Butler and Johnson accusations, the investigation by the Crown, and the dissolution of the company. It is literally true that, after June, 1622, no new measures for trade, for industry, or for commerce are entered in the court book. There was the usual transferring of shares and hearing of petitions and claims, but the business activity was evidently destroyed. That the colony could survive the massacre and continue its development with so little encouragement from the pro- prietor is evidence of the strong foundation laid during the governorship of Sir George Yeardley.

From the court book it would be possible to reconstruct a part or the whole of some of the other records. A list of all of the ships departing or arriving with the names of the masters could thus be drawn up, but the terms of the charter party could not be determined. a

The terms in general are given in the Presidents for Patents in the British Museum. List of Records, Nos. 256, 257, 266, 267, 268, 276, 277, and 278.

The full record of all documents for which record was not provided elsewhere was made in the court book. Plans, reports of committees, and reports of chief officers seem to have been entered in full, but letters to and from the colony, and to and from the privy council, petitions with the action thereupon, charter parties, grants for monopolies, lists of departing planters, expenditures and receipts of the magazines, and rolls of adventure, were all recorded in the other books provided by the "Orders and Constitutions" or in the books created later. A single illustration will suffice. Of the twenty-seven letters sent to the colony and received from the colony, copies of many of which have been found among the papers in Virginia, but fifteen are mentioned in the court book, and only a few are spread in full upon the minutes. A great many more documents are entered in the court book during the later years, due evidently to the desire to keep a record of the controversy which might serve as a defense against the accusations of the malcontents. That many of these were not entered in the original court book is revealed by the marginal notes in the extant court minutes of the Ferrar papers, which read as follows: "Enter the quietus est," "Enter the resolution," and other similar directions.

The court book is not only a source of information, but it also serves as a guide to the other records of the company. That all of the twenty-one documents men- tioned but not entered in the court book have been found in other collections is most important and interesting. These include some of the publications of the company, most of the correspondence of the company with the King and with the colony, many of the orders of the Privy Council, the Admiralty suits of the com- pany, the laws passed in the colony, the charter granted to the colony, and the forms for patents used by the company. There are thirteen documents entered in the court book which are on record elsewhere, consisting of declarations or reports which were published by the company, petitions and letters to the King, and orders of the King's council. But thirty most valuable documents are spread upon the minutes which have not yet been discovered among other papers. These include a few peti- tions to the King, many petitions received by the company, a number of letters from and to the colony, the propositions brought forward in the attempt to form a tobacco contract with the King, the plans propounded by the treasurer for the advancement of the enterprise, and the declarations of the state of the affairs of the company and of the colony by the same officer. a

All of these documents, whether entered in the court book or not, are cited in the List of Records, and are also referred to by foot notes in this edition of the court book.

The organization and the method of procedure of the company have been outlined, in order to enable the reader to comprehend the nature of the records, and through them the machinery by which it conducted its internal affairs; but there is a wider and more important field to consider. The real interest in the company comes from its activity in carrying on trade and in developing the resources and government of the colony. Again, the starting point must be the court book, not only as a guide to the records which it kept in executing its purposes, but in discovering what activities are to be traced. Two kinds of documents afford the clearest outline of the subject; in one are the reports which the treasurer offered to the company and which are spread upon the minutes; in the other are the printed declarations and broadsides which the company issued for the purpose of securing interest, confidence, and investment in the undertaking. With the same motive it reprinted treatises and published sermons which had been delivered before the company.

The first report of Sir Edwin Sandys after he became treasurer was offered on November 3, 1619, in which he thus defined his policy: The resources of the company were to be augmented by settling and developing the company's land and by increasing the number of industries to be established, an action which must advance the plantation from a colony for exploitation into a colony for settlement. The report begins with a statement of the number of men which had been transported by the company for the college land and for the public land during the summer and continues with propositions to the same effect, by which 300 additional persons should be sent to the colony, 100 of whom were to be maids for wives and 100 to be apprentices or servants from the city. The other measures discussed are indicative of the development which rapidly took place. First of these was the effort to establish other commodities in Virginia and restrain the excessive production of tobacco; the second was the encouragement of a spirit of local patriotism in the colony. The treasurer urges that men should be sent from the low countries to raise fortifications for the colony, stating that the colonists were willing to bear the charges of the work since they had recently been encouraged by the charters and grants of liberties. The dependence of the company upon the lotteries for an income and the care to arrange for an economical transportation of the men are indications of the financial policy and status of the colony. The income of the lottery is estimated at ¥3,500, and the total expense of perfecting the plan submitted is placed at ¥4,000 or ¥5,000.

Six months later the treasurer made his annual report, which revealed to what extent his plans had been executed. It was issued as a broadside under the date of the court in which it was delivered and describes the state of the colony from April, 1618, to April, 1619, taken from a general letter to the company, and then proceeds to outline the successful activity of the colony during the succeeding year. It empha- sizes the erection of private plantations, the number of men sent to the company's land, the commodities provided for—there being ten instead of two as in the former year—the interest in the care of religion and education in the colony, and the stable financial condition of the company. The general receipts amounted to ¥9,831 14s 11d and the disbursements were ¥10,431 14s 07d, but the surplus in the college fund more than exceeded this deficiency, the receipts from that source being ¥2,043 02s 11½d and the expenditures ¥1,477 15s 5d. The lottery was reported to have an increase in stock over the previous year of ¥1,200. Although not re-elected treasurer, the financial management remained in the hands of Sir Edwin Sandys, as is proved by the entries of his plans in the court book and by his private letters to John Ferrar. A scheme outlined in the court of July 7, 1620, is practically the measure put forth in the printed declaration of June 22, 1620, and proposes a continuation of the policy stated above.

The printed documents of 1619 and 1620 add but little to the plans revealed in the treasurer's reports concerning the activity of the company, although the measures taken to advance the comfort of the planters and of the tenants upon arrival in Virginia, the establishment of many private plantations, and the encouragement given to the self-government of the colony are brought out more clearly. After the note of the shipping in 1621, so far as is known, there were no propositions issued by the company. This was due to the massacre which paralyzed the efforts of the company for a time and forced upon it publications of defense and excuse or directions of warning. While the company was torn by dissension, after 1622 the colony slowly but steadily advanced. The proprietor was no longer active, and the center of interest is therefore transferred from the courts in London in which the plans had been conceived to the settlement in which they were maturing.

The various publications of the company afford not only an understanding of the measures proposed, but also of their execution. They were in themselves a means of carrying out its schemes. Before 1622 five of these advertisements were issued by the company. The broadside bearing the date May 17, 1620, is a full statement of the prosperous condition in the colony, setting forth the ability of the colony to receive newcomers in its guest houses, newly built in each of the four ancient boroughs and in the other plantations, and describing the measures provided to sus- tain ministers in each borough. It states the number of men who had been sent to the public land, with the provisions allowed, and describes fully the efforts which had been made to establish six industries in the colony. a

List of Records, No. 174.

A book of great importance was issued by the company in June of the same year containing a series of declarations. b

Ibid., No. 183.

The pamphlet must have been printed in 1616. An imperfect copy is in the British Museum.

This copy is evidently imperfect, since it lacks pages 91 and 92.

This is copy No. 3 in the New York Public Library. The copy in the private library is evidently the Smyth of Nibley volume, secured from the Cholmondely papers through Bernard Quaritch.

The pamphlets included in all editions are as follows:

(1)

• "By his Maiesties Counseil for Virginia." This is a declaration of the industries which have been established, of the good government which has been formed in the colony so that it "begins to have the face and fashion of an orderly State," and of the purpose of the company in the division of land.

(2)

• "A Note of the Shipping, Men and Prouisions sent to Virginia, by the Treasurer and Company in the yeere 1619."

(3)

• "A Declaration of the Supplies intended to be sent to Virginia in this yeare 1620. 18 Julij, 1620."

(4)

• "The Names of the Aduenturers, with their seuerall summes aduentured * * * paid to Sir Thos. Smith," to "Sir Baptist Hicks," and to "Sir Edwin Sandys."

(5)

• "Orders And Constitutions, * * * for the better gouerning * * * of the said Companie * * * Anno 1619, and 1620."

Some light is thrown upon these publications by the court book, in which provision for four similar pamphlets was made between November, 1619, and June, 1620, as follows:

(1)

• An advertisement for laborers, approved to be published on November 17, 1619.

(2)

• A publication which should confute the slander as to the barrenness of the soil in Virginia, ordered November 22.

(3)

• A list of the names of adventures with the sums adventured, ordered to be drawn up by the treasurer and Dr. Winstone, December 15. b

  Such a list of adventurers is among the Manchester papers. List of Records, No. 58.

(4)

• An apology for Virginia, ordered to be printed June 23, 1620. On June 26 and 28 it was provided that the standing orders should be printed and annexed to the book to be given to all members by order of the council.

The conclusion seems valid that these pamphlets are the ones included in the book and that they first appeared at various times, but that finally in June, 1620, they were collected, the fourth one added, and the volume published under the date of the latter.

The publication of this declaration in four different issues during the year 1620 indicates the interest which Sir Edwin Sandys had aroused in the measure, as well as the virility of the company, while reference to the book in much of the corre- spondence of the day reveals the same attitude toward the venture. In order to promote the silk industry a pamphlet entitled "Observations to be followed for making of fit roomes for silk wormes," written by Banoeil, was translated under the patronage of the company toward the end of the year 1620. a

This translation was ordered in an ordinary court on November 15, 1620, and was reported ready for the press on December 13. In the same courts there is a discussion of the prices of commodities produced in Virginia. List of Records, p. 138, Nos. 150, 151.

During the year 1622 the books printed by the company were much less valuable, although more numerous, there being seven in all. The Declaration of the state of the Colony of Virginia with the Relation of the Massacre of the English, by the Natiue Infidells with the names of those that were Massacred, by Edward Waterhouse, was more concerned with the disaster than with the previous development of the plantation. b

List of Records, p. 152, No. 293.

Ibid., No. 292.

The first suggestion of a reprint of this book came in a court of October 31, 1621, but it was not until September 5 of the year following that the book was ordered to be printed, including the two letters. List of Records, No. 347. The sermons were Virginia's God be Thanked, by Patrick Copland, 1622, and one by John Donne. See List of Records, Nos. 312, 375.

An order of court, December 19, 1621, provided for an expression of gratitude to John Brinsley and an appointment of a committee to peruse and report upon his work. On January 16 the com- mittee was granted additional time, and Patrick Copland was asked to review the book and report to the company. List of Records, No. 291.

List of Records, No. 289.

A number of general works were approved by the company in the courts or were accepted and rewarded. Thus the proposition by Smith to write a history of Vir- ginia on April 12, 1621, seems to have been acceptable to the adventurers, while George Rugh, who had rendered service to the Virginia council by writing a treatise on government, was publicly eulogized upon his bequeathing ¥100 to the company for the education of infidels' children. d

Court Book, II, November 20, 1622.

Ibid., I, April 12, 1621.

A number of works were suggested in the courts of which we have no trace or which can not be identified as appearing under other titles. To what the company referred when it petitioned the Archbishop of Canterbury for permission to publish the book which he had prohibited is unknown. f

Ibid., I, July 18, 1620.

Ibid., I, February 22, 1620/21.

Court Book, I, April 12, June 11, 13, 1621.

Ibid., I, November 19, 21, 1621; March 13, 1621/22.

The printed advertisements between 1619 and 1621 were successful in securing the capital with which to carry on the enterprise. It now remains to discover how the trade was conducted and controlled, how the plantation was developed and governed, and how the business was finally destroyed.

The income which enabled the company to provide for new industries in 1619 and 1620 was derived from the ¥12 10s. paid by each new adventurer for each new share of stock, and from the lotteries. Special collections and particular gifts for the advancement of religion and of education in the colony were frequent, and thus the account and management of the college land became important. Before the intro- duction of freedom of trade into the colony, and the dissolution of the old magazine on January 12, 1619/20, the company had some profit from that monopoly, c

Ibid., I, July 7, 1619.

Ibid., I, June 24, 1619; January 12, 1619/20.

List of Records, Nos. 28, 29, 71, 78.

The investments by the company during the period of the lotteries followed three lines—the old magazine, the planting of the public and the college lands in Virginia, and the erection of industries for the production of certain commodities. The court book is the only source of information with regard to the old magazine, in which the company through its general stock of the company had invested more than twice as much as any other adventurer. Hence, during the last half of the year 1619, it made every effort to gain an account and secure a settlement of that adventure. The discussion, which resulted in the adoption of free trade to the colony, reveals the system used for the control of the magazine, indicates to a slight degree the income which the company had had from that joint stock, and incidentally shows that it had some returns from the public lands in Virginia. a

Court Book, I, June 24, 28, July 7, 13, November 3, December 15, 1619.

Ibid., December 23, 1619; January 12, February 2, 1619/20; July 3, 1622.

Five commodities enumerated in the broadside of May 17, 1620, were established by action of the court. No record is extant of the exact nature of the investment, but it appears from the court book to have been chiefly an investment from the general stock. The movement for monopoly of certain industries rather than a monopoly of all trade began during the latter part of the year 1620, and as a result the records deal extensively with plans for the sole importation of tobacco, by which a joint stock of ¥15,000 was to be raised to carry out what is known as the "Somerscales plan."

The overthrow of the lotteries carried consternation to the company. An income was essential with which to send out settlers to develop the soil or to create new industries, but the general stock was so low that the company could not even carry out its plans for glassworks. Finally, after several months of discussion, recourse was had to special adventure or new joint stock companies for special undertakings, controlled by a treasurer who should be elected by the adventurers in the scheme. Thus followed the creation of a series of magazines for the erection of a glass furnace, for the establishment of a fur trade, for sending maids for wives, and for supplying a magazine for apparel. The records of these ventures are to be found only in the court book, and the data there given is very insufficient. This, of course, meant no advantage to the general stock, and the company was forced to discover means for securing returns from the general investment and an income with which to develop the company's land. Hence, private plantations were organized, and private patents and monopolies for the industry of pitch and tar, for ironworks, for new discoveries were granted, while special commissions for trade along the coast and for fishing added to the revenue. With the exception of the movement for private plantations and for the sole importation of tobacco, but few records exist outside of the court book to reveal these vigorous endeavors to reap the results of the great investments in the earlier years. a

The discussions in the Court Book with regard to the magazine, the development of commodities, and private plantations will be found through the Index under those headings.

For the documents on Berkeley Hundred see the Smyth of Nibley Papers in the New York Public Library, which are cited in the List of Records. See also Nos. 71, 72, 76, 77, 82, 227, 264, 735. These are really records of the private companies and fall under class VI in the List of Records. Among the forms for patents in the British Museum is that granted to Martin's Hundred: List of Records, No. 323.

But the private grants did not promise sufficient income to meet the great demands for supplies from the general stock which the massacre of 1622 brought about. As a result the company turned to the income from tobacco, regardless of its high purposes and its endeavors to enforce the production of other com- modities. This feeling of the importance of a contract for the sole importation of tobacco took such a strong hold upon the company that from May, 1622, until its dissolution, just a year later, nothing else worth mentioning is recorded in the court book, while the quarrel concerning the salaries to be paid for the manage- ment of the ¥100,000 to be invested in this project monopolized the attention of several courts. In addition to the record of an entire year in the court book, numerous memoranda of various estimates of the value of the tobacco monopoly to the Crown and to the company are deposited among the Manchester papers in the Public Record Office. The communications with the Privy Council on the subject are spread on the company's minutes, and are also to be found among the Colonial State papers. This series includes the proclamations of the King in 1624, and the new propositions and measures for tobacco importation of the same year. The economic condition of the planter, the necessity of a revenue to the company, the amount of the importation and of the customs value to the King, the relations with Spain, and the economic values in England are all brought out in the estimates, discussions, and arguments. a

List of Records, 60, 102, 147, 184, 185, 59, 263, 287, 448, 392, 396, 410, 413, 411, 414, 424, 425, 431, 482, 676, 678, 680, 681, 682, 691, 692, 693, 695, 696, 703, 705, 712, 724, 729, 733, 737, 744, 747, 756. See also the index of the Court Book, post, Vol. II, under "Tobacco."

The study of the relations of the company to the colony and the development within the colony may be based on a greater variety of documents than any other phase of the subject, especially with regard to the political conditions. The court book furnishes an understanding of the attitude and motives of the company and often serves to connect the data gathered from letters, instructions, commissions, patents, and grants. Thus the emphasis on the custom of martial law in the colony and the severity of penalty imposed is revealed both in the court book and in the extracts from Governor Argall's register. b

List of Records, No. 40, ff.

Court Book, I, April 3, May 15, 17, 1620. See also Bruce, Economic History of Virginia.

These documents provided for the creation of two councils. The council of state, composed of the governor and council, was to form an executive and judicial body, and the assembly, composed of the council and two burgesses from each town or borough, was to be purely a legislative body. a

List of Records, Nos. 72, 260, 261.

Court Book, I, April 3, May 15, 1620.

The patents, the Argall correspondence, and the records of the Hundreds are new material and will aid much in an understanding of the local conditions and government.

List of Records, Nos. 299, 323, 324, 325.

The strict supervision which the company exercised over the economic, indus- trial, and social conditions of the colony is to be seen in the measures enacted in the courts and in the correspondence between the company and the colony, sup- plemented by a large number of private letters to the officers of the company. Four letters to the colony are mentioned in the court book, of which two have not been found, but eight others not mentioned are extant. It is more difficult to determine what letters came from the colony, due to the usually brief reports of the letters in the court book, to the omission of the date from the copies of the letters, and from the uncertainty of the date of the receipt of the letters as noted in the court book. Seven letters seem to have been received by the company of which no trace has been found, while only four of the ten extant are mentioned in the court book. It is apparent therefore that only a part of the official corre- spondence is in existence. The directions to the colony disclose the care and earnestness of the company, and emphasize the endeavors to establish the various commodities, while the descriptions given by the colonists are extremely valuable in the picture they present of their efforts, ambitions, and attainments. The pri- vate correspondence proves that the official letters were likely to give but one phase of the conditions.

About thirty-five letters addressed to Sir Edwin Sandys during the years 1619 to 1621 have been found among the Ferrar papers, which are full of complaint because of the scarcity of provisions. Apparently Sir Edwin's policy to develop the plantation, and especially the company's land as a source of revenue, was overdone, and he was not as wise in carrying out his plan as he had been in forming it, since the colony was unable to provide for the large numbers sent out. These complaints are casually mentioned in the court book, but the Sandys-Ferrar correspondence shows that it was the desire of the administration to conceal the difficulties and distress of the colony not only from the public but also from the hostile faction. The Man- chester papers preserve letters, or copies of them, which came to the company or to individuals in 1622 and 1623 complaining of similar deprivations in the colony. a

For a citation of these letters in the List of Records, see the Index under "Letters."

The company was not only interested in the economic and industrial develop- ment and the necessary political forms of the colony, but, as Sir Edwin Sandys declared, it had a higher purpose than the Muscovy or the other commercial corpo- rations. This high ideal is proved by the attention which is devoted to plans for the college, by the appointment of ministers, by the collections in the churches, and by the gifts received, b

Post, Vol. II, Index under "College," "Education," "Ministers."

The acts of the administration in Virginia are recorded in the volume of contemporary records of the company kept by the colony which are described above. They consist of a series of nine orders and proclamations by the governor and council and of twenty-one orders, proclamations, commissions, and warrants issued by the governor as the executive officer of the council for the regulation of affairs in the colony. They cover the years 1621, 1622, and 1623, and concern the collection of taxes, the designation of laborers for public works, the regu- lation of prices of commodities, the restraint of relations with the Indians, and the control of the morals of the citizens. In addition to these documents issued by the governor is a series of twenty-four commissions and warrants issued to individuals to act as commanders of cities and hundreds, to carry on trade with the Indians, to make discoveries, to wage war upon the Indians, and to collect moneys. Another group of documents in the same collection consists of thirty- six petitions to the governor and council between 1622 and 1624. They are claims for wages and for moneys due, demands for fulfillment of contracts, requests for pardon and for justification in personal quarrels, demands for lands, and petitions to be allowed to return to deserted plantations and to England. a

For citation of these documents in the List of Records, see the Index under "Warrants," "Commissions," "Proclamations," "Orders."

The only extant record of the council for 1619 is an account of the "putting out of the Tenants that came over in the B[ona] N[ova] wth other orders of the Councell," found among the Ferrar papers. b

List of Records, Nos. 138, 139.

The "courte booke," or original record of the meetings of the governor and council, in which these petitions were heard and orders issued, is extant from 1624 to 1632, with a record of one court in 1622 and of one in 1623. These are mostly the actions of the council sitting in a judicial capacity and concern controversies over property, probate matters, and criminal charges. The punishment seem extreme. Two actions of the court are particularly interesting, one affecting Edward Sharpless for sending copies of the colonial records to England, and the other consisting of accusations against Captain John Martin of slanderous and false utterances. A few additional orders and warrants are preserved among the Colonial State papers, c

Ibid., Nos. 240, 521, 645.

Ibid., Nos. 116, 154.

A series of documents remains which does not bear directly on the organization of the company or the expression of its activity in trade and in colonial enterprise, but is invaluable for a study of the history of the company, since it concerns the relations of the individual members to one another, reveals the inner life and motive of the company as a whole and of the various groups, and explains the conditions which resulted from the interference of the King and the overthrow of the corpora- tion. The entire movement centers about the growth of factions in the company. The movement begins in the years just preceding the accession of Sir Edwin Sandys to the position of treasurer, and seems to have had its origin in the trouble over Sir Samuel Argall and the appointment of Sir George Yeardley as governor of the colony. It finally involved many of the personal complaints and difficulties which presented themselves to the company, and therefore requires a study of those problems before it can be understood.

The measures which thus arose with regard to individuals are to be found chiefly in the court book. They supply much information which can not be obtained elsewhere with regard to the methods of procedure of the company, and afford scattered data of great importance in addition to the light they throw on the disputes of the factions. The subjects discussed include such problems as the relations with the northern colony, the conflict with Spain concerning the ship Treasurer, the suit against William Wye for failing to land settlers in Vir- ginia, and various accusations against Governor Yeardley and Captain Argall for misgovernment in the colony. The accounts of Sir Thomas Smythe, the settle- ment of Alderman Robert Johnson's accounts for the magazine, and the illegality of Captain John Martin's patent for a plantation, were also questions which were of vital importance to the financial affairs of the company and took the atten- tion of numerous courts; but neither the accounts of Sir Thomas Smythe nor of the magazine were ever adjusted.

The claims against the company presented by William Tracey, by William Weldon, the deputy of the college land who was superseded by George Thorpe, and by the heirs of Sir George Somers for a compensation for the Somers Islands are but illustrations of the many demands made upon the company. The court sat as a judiciary body to settle numerous personal quarrels, including the Brewster-Argall, the Argall-Smythe, the Bargrave-Smythe, and the Johnson- Southampton cases. Disputes which arose within the courts and resulted in slander and counter accusations took much of the time and attention of the company, the trouble between the council and Samuel Wroth over the question of salaries thus consuming the entire time of the courts for three months, from December to February, 1622/3. In the various collections in London are about a dozen papers which give additional information on the Argall-Rich troubles, the censure of Alderman Johnson, the Martin patent, the accounts of Sir Thomas Smythe, and the suits against William Wye. a

For the history of these cases as given in the court book, see the citations in the Index, Post, Vol. II, under the names suggested. References to the documents in the List of Records, may also be found in the Index.

The documents which bear directly on the factional differences in the company are among the Manchester and the Ferrar papers. From them comes the insight into the very motives and thoughts of the opposing parties, and the proof that the accusations of the Warwick party are well founded, in so far as they relate to concealment of the sufferings and dissatisfactions in the colony, comes as a surprise. a

Citation of these documents in the List of Records may be found by reference to the Index under the Sandys-Ferrar letters, the Rich and Johnson memoranda, and the letters in the Man- chester papers.

When the quarrels had finally been carried to the Privy Council, the matter was taken up officially by the company, and the second volume of the court book after the spring of 1623 is composed entirely of documents spread upon the minutes which concern the action of the company. In fact, all of the papers after that time are of the same character except the records of the governor and council in Virginis. Since they number upward of two hundred, it will be impossible to discuss them separately, but it must be remembered that in them is to be found an outline of the history of the company reaching back into the time of Sir Thomas Smythe, presented first by one faction and then by the other. The most important of these reviews are the charges of Captain Butler, of Alderman Johnson, and of Captain Bargrave, with replies to each; the complaints of the adventurers and of the planters against the Sandys administration, and a declaration by the "ancient planters" comparing the two administrations in the colony. Finally, the "Discourse of the Old Company" is the last review of the whole situation. Another most important group of papers is a series of projects for readjusting the government of the colony and the adminis- tration of the company. The projects of Martin, Bargrave, Ditchfield, and Rich thus afford an opportunity to study the beginnings of royal control.

The relations between the Crown and the company assume three different phases during the Sandys-Southampton administration—the first before the dis- cussion over the tobacco contract in 1622, the second concerning that contract, and the third relating to the abuses in the company and the dissolution of the corpora- tion. The court book shows a readiness and a desire on the part of the company before 1622 to refer to the Privy Council such matters as the magazine accounts which seemed beyond their control, but it also contains declarations to the effect that an interference with the patent rights is not to be tolerated. The questions arising in those years concern the transportation of dissolute persons to the col- ony, the right of the King to nominate men from whom the treasurer should be chosen, the restriction on trade to other countries, the refusal of a new charter to the company, and the dissolution of the lotteries. Supplementary to these records in the court book are the orders of the Privy Council affecting all of these problems. One of the most important documents, however, has not been found, since the efforts for a new patent can not be traced beyond the statement in the court book. It was first proposed November 15, 1620, and was ordered to be continued and to be confirmed by Parliament on January 31, 1620/21. On the 22d of the following month the Lords were appointed to secure the seal, and on April 12 the objections of the attorney-general, to whom the King had referred the patent, were discussed. That it never went into effect is certain, since no record is to be found among the sign manual warrants in the record office or in the signet docquet book. Furthermore, it is not enrolled in the chancery files, and it is not entered on the patent rolls, while in the suit of the quo warranto the only letters patent cited are those already known of 1606, 1609, and 1612. a

The Editor searched the following documents in the Public Record Office for a record or citation of this charter:

• Sign Manual Warrants, Nos. 11, 13–17.
• Exchequer, 19 James I. (1621.)
• Docquet of the Signet Office.
• Chancery Privy Seal, 19 James I, January–August. (1621.)

The suggestion that a charter was reissued at a later date led to a similar fruitless search in the Chancery of the Privy Seal as Follows:

• 22 James I. July, August. (1624.)
• 7 Charles I. February, March, October–December. (1631.)
• 9 Charles I. August. (1633.)
• 14 Charles I. August, September. (1638.)
• 16 Charles I. April. (1640.)

Unless the documents have been lost or the date of the entry has been mis- taken the conclusion must be reached that after the surrender of the draft of the new charter to the solicitor-general it disappeared from sight. During the year 1622 the communications between the King and the company concerned the tobacco con- tract and its final acceptance at the command of the King, and revealed the maturity of the policy of interference which had been developing during the previous years. The number of accusations against the company increased during the year, and the records of the early part of 1623 abound in letters of complaint and charges of mismanagement from the colony. The memoranda of the Warwick party, found among the Manchester papers, are also essential to the understanding of the movements toward the overthrow of the company. Many of the forty communi- cations between the King and the company are spread on the court book, while all of them are found in the Privy Council register. These include the commis- sions to the board chosen to investigate the affairs of the company, b

A record of the grand committee appointed to defend the company before the commissioners and a record of a meeting of the commissioners are among the Ferrar papers. List of Records, Nos. 394, 543.

The record of this suit is found in the coram rege roll of the Kings Bench. In the entry the usual writ served upon the company is followed by the information read by Edward Offley, the attorney for the company, citing the letters patent of 1606 and especially of 1609. It enumerates the rights granted to the corporation, and claims that other privileges were never used. The third document is the reply of Attorney-General Coventry in which he prays for the conviction of the accused on account of the usurpation of privileges, and cites those mentioned in the infor- mation, claiming that there had not been sufficient answer in any point. The answer of Nicholas Ferrar and others states that the company is ready to verify its rights as quoted. The judgment was rendered on the morrow of Holy Trinity, and declares that Nicholas Ferrar and the others are convicted of the usurpation of privileges and that the "said privileges are taken and seized into the hand of the King and the said Nicholas Ferrar and the others shall not intermeddle but shall be excluded from the usurpation of liberties, privileges, and franchises of the same so taken from the King, and that they are to satisfy to the King his fine for the usurpa- tion of said privileges." The writ of quo warranto was issued out of the Kings Bench on the Tuesday next after the morrow of All Souls (November 4, 1623). The suit was opened on the Friday after the quindecim of St. Martin's (November 28), and was then postponed until the eight of Hillary (January 20). It was postponed a second time to the quindecim of Easter (April 11), and judgment was finally rendered on the morrow of Trinity (May 24, 1624).

It has been the purpose of this paper to give to the reader a knowledge of what records the Virginia Company kept and to afford a guide to the extant records, as well as to indicate the character and importance of the various col- lections of records and of the various classes of documents. The value of this series of papers is threefold—it discloses the organization and activity of the company; it aids in an understanding of the various problems, policies, and con- ditions of the State under the early Stuarts; and it is of great importance in a study of the entire movement of the earlier and of the later century for exploration, for trade, and especially for colonization.

The object of the previous discussion has been to show that an intimate knowledge of the mechanism of the company, of the methods of other corporations and business houses, of the policies of the company toward the plantation, of the growth of the colony, and of the change in the attitude of the Crown may be gained from the various documents. Thus the value of the records in revealing the methods employed by the company in conducting its courts, in keeping its books, in securing capital, and in finding investment which would result in immediate returns and enable the com- pany to transport men to the colony, has been pointed out. The evidence of the change of the plantation from a colony for exploitation to a colony for settlement, and the consequent effort of the company to stimulate exploration, settlement, and the development of resources, as well as the proof of the liberality of the proprietors in advancing self-government, has been outlined.

The indication in the records of the colony that the control changed from absolute authority centralized in the governor to local management and government through a representative legislative assembly, and that the social conditions developed from life in a few compact settlements to plantation life has been suggested. Moreover, the documents which show the efforts of the joint-stock companies to gain protection and become privileged monopolies, on the one hand, and the tendency of the Crown, on the other, to utilize the company to relieve the country of its undesirable popu- lation, to secure a share in the revenue, and finally to assume the full proprietorship of the colony has been cited.

The court book and other records of the company have another value in that they incidentally aid in an understanding of many problems of the government. Thus the attitude of the King toward the company was much influenced by his desire for marriage relations with Spanish royalty. Various questions of policy were often discussed in the meetings of the company, such as the freedom of trade and of fishing, monopolies, customs, and shipping, while the financial aid given to colo- nization by Spain is cited in contrast to the action of England, and the favor to the Spanish colonies by the State in allowing the sole importation of certain products was dwelt upon. The desire to cement the colony to the State and the necessity of avoiding separation was much emphasized, but the wisdom of allowing self-government to the colony was never once forgotten. In fact, the argument that democracy was unavoidable, since the planter had the privilege of the adventurer, was urged in opposition to the accusations of the King that the company favored democratic forms. This spirit in the company is also seen in the tendency to address Parliament whenever possible, as illustrated in the movement for a new patent and in the settlement of the tobacco question.

The economic and industrial situation in England is perhaps better revealed than any other phase of affairs. Thus the commodities which were in demand and not produced in England, the rates of such commodities, the prices of necessities, and the system of vending goods were all matters of great importance to the company, and appear again and again in the various documents. The poverty of skilled labor is shown in the necessity the company was under to go to the Continent for men to superintend and carry on every industry which it attempted to establish in the col- ony. Dutchmen, Swedes, Poles, and Frenchmen were thus imported for conducting sawmills, cultivating silkworms, and making potash, clapboards, salt, wines, and glass. When engineers for constructing fortifications were desired, General Cecil declared that he had not men for the purpose, but hoped he might be able to recom- mend some Frenchmen of ability. The papers which concern the transportation of vagabonds and of boys and girls furnish a comment on a special phase of social life, while the spirit of the entire records reveals the demand for an outlet for activity and an opportunity for investment.

Throughout, the minutes of the courts and the correspondence and references to the other trading companies emphasize the strong similarity between their organization and that of the Virginia corporation. Illustrations of this fact are seen in the citation of the precedent from other joint-stock companies of employing a deputy and a director, of the salaries paid in the East India Company, and of the liberty of trade enjoyed by the Muscovy Company; while among the Ferrar papers are drafts of petitions from the Commons to the King in the writing of Nicholas Ferrar on behalf of the Turkey merchants and of the "Ginny and Binny" company, showing the intimate relations between the different movements.

Perhaps the most important result of a study of the Virginia Company comes from the knowledge which may be gained of the whole movement which had as its object exploration, trade, and settlement before and since the time of the company in all of the colonies. In its records are to be found one of the earliest sources of information concerning colonial experience from the English standpoint, and hence through them may be gained an understanding of the way in which proprietary colonies were established; of the development of the plantation into a colony of settlement; and of the consequent relation between the settlers and the proprietor. These steps as well as those by which the Crown was led to resume the authority and to establish a royal proprietorship in place of that of a company or of an indivi- dual, and the consequent development of the freedom of the settler were repeated in the history of all of the proprietary colonies of America.

It was in July, 1622, that the controversy between the factions in the company was first brought before the Privy Council, and, strangely enough, the plaintiff was John Bargrave, who later championed those whom he now accused. The complain- ant declared that he had lost 6,600 pounds through the "unjust practices and miscarriage of government" on the part of Sir Thomas Smythe and Alderman Robert Johnson. The matter was referred to a committee composed of Lord Viscount Grandison, Lord Brook, the master of the rolls, Lord Keeper Coventry, and Secretary Conway, but the affair dragged on in the council until it was finally settled on January 22, 1622/3, by its ordering Bargrave to forbear troubling Sir Thomas Smythe. b

List of Records, Nos. 351, 401.

Ibid., No. 401.

Ibid., Nos. 388, 395.

On April 17 a committee headed by Lord Cavendish was summoned before the Privy Council to defend the Virginia Company against the "grievances of Planters and Adventurers." As a result, the first blow was struck at the liberty of the company when the Privy Council announced that it was the King's intention that a commission should be appointed to inquire into the state of the Virginia and Somers Islands plantations. a

List of Records, No. 467. Printed in full in Le Froy, I, 289–290.

List of Records, Nos. 476 and 478.

There were other acts which partook of the same spirit as the interference with the correspondence and business of the company. On May 13 the Privy Council ordered that Lord Cavendish, Sir Edwin Sandys, and Nicholas and John Ferrar should be confined to their house, a punishment inflicted for a contempt of an order of the council table against the use of bitter invectives, and brought about by the complaint of the Earl of Warwick. Lord Cavendish was in restraint five days and the others eight days. The release came as a result of their "acknowledgment of offence and expression of sorrow." c

See Orders in Council, cited in Ibid., Nos. 506 and 510.

The danger of confiscation of the company's records was fully realized for the the first time on May 22, 1623, when the Privy Council enforced a previous order to surrender "all Charters Books, (and by name the blurred Book or Books), Letters, Petitions, Lists of Names and Provisions, Invoyces of Goods, and all other writing whatsoever, and Transcripts of them, belonging to them." The new order declared that the "Blurred Book or Books" had been kept back. The documents were to be surrendered to the clerk of the council, but the custody of the records was given to the commissioners. Each party was to have free use of them "in such sort as to ye Commissioners shall seem good." Furthermore "all Boxes & Packages of Letters which hereafter shall be brought over from Virginia or ye Summer Islands during this Commission" were to be "immediately delivered to ye Commissioners by them to be broken open, perused or otherwise disposed [of] as they shall find cause." a

List of Records, No. 513.

Ibid., No. 580.

A careful search for the missing papers must commence at this point. Although the records, or at least the court books, were later returned to the company, some of them may have been retained by the commissioners or by individuals thereof. Therefore, hidden away in the collections of the heirs of these men, it might be supposed, would be found the much sought-for documents. The members of this commission, created April 17, were Sir William Jones, Sir Nicholas Fortescue, Sir Francis Gofton, Sir Richard Sutton, Sir William Pitt, Sir Henry Bouchier, and Sir Henry Spiller. c

For the order in council creating this commission, see Ibid., No. 499.

A committee of the Privy Council may have had access to these papers, for on July 22 Lords Grandison, Carew, and Chichester were appointed to take into con- sideration the reports on the colony and to present to the council orders most fit for the regulation of the government of Virginia. d

Ibid., No. 547.

The documents remained in the custody of the commission until November 21, and were then returned to the secretary of the company. An order in council declared that all the "Books and writings, whether remayneing in the hands of the Comrs or elswher, shalbe fwthwth deliuered by Inventorie vnto the said Company." The complaint had been made by the treasurer that they could not make answer to the quo warranto which had been issued out of the King's Bench against the company without the use of their records. e

Ibid., No. 593.

The last order which concerned these records from December 30, 1623, until the company was finally overthrown, in June of the following year—when the organi- zation, according to Nethersole, became a company for trade and not for government— was a letter of the council to "Nicholas Ferrar, Deputie," to bring to them unopened all letters which had come in a ship lately arrived from Virginia. a

For the order in council creating this commission, see List of Records, No. 608.

List of Records, No. 683.

Following up the recall of the charter, the Privy Council declared that it was the King's intention to renew the charter of the company without the imperfections of the former grant. A committee was therefore appointed on June 24 to resolve on the well settling of the colony, to give the orders therefor, and to report to the King for further directions. This body consisted of Lord President Mandeville, Lord Paget, Lord Chichester, the lord treasurer, the comptroller, the principal secretaries of state, the chancellor of the exchequer, the chancellor of the duchy, the attorney- general, the solicitor-general, Sir Robert Killigrew, Sir Thomas Smythe, Francis Gofton, John Wolstenholme, and Alderman Johnson. c

Ibid., No. 687.

Two days later an order in council was issued instructing Mr. Ferrar, deputy of the company, to bring to the council chamber all patents, books of accounts, and invoices of the late corporation and all lists of people in the colony, to be retained by the keeper of the council chest till further order. d

Ibid., No. 689.

A commission to establish a government in Virginia is to be found in the chan- cery privy seals under July of the twenty-second year of James I, countersigned to pass by immediate warrant. The patent roll of the period records this commission, dated July 15, 1624, by which the Virginia Company was to be supplanted and the first royal province in America was to be established. e

Ibid., No. 701.

List of Records, No. 702.

In the Privy Council register, under date of June 26, 1624, there is an order for Mr. Ferrar to deposit in the council chamber the papers of the late corporation, and in the margin is a note which gives the last glimpse of those records. It reads as follows: "Nd: All theis Patents bookes of accounts &c were delivered to Henry Fotherby clarke to the Commissioners, by order from the Lords the 19 of July 1624." b

Ibid., No. 689.

That these members of the Privy Council and others of the commissioners for Virginia had all of the original records of the company in their possession at that date is thus proved. What became of them later can be a matter only of specu- lation. That they had been so carefully preserved and were deposited "for use by the members of the commissioners," seems to indicate that the theory of their destruction by the Crown is not tenable. There are two theories which seem much more likely. it may be that they passed finally into the possession of the Privy Council, which evidently soon assumed the burden of the control of the affairs of the province; for, on May 13, 1625, a royal proclamation arranged for a council which was to the subordinate to the Privy Council. c

A letter to the Earl of Warwick dated November 16, 1624, bears the signatures of the council for Virginia as follows: Sir Thomas Smith, Ferdinando Gorges, John Wolstenholme, Samuel Argall, Thomas Gibbs, Samuel Wrot, and John Pory. There had been some question concerning the addition of names to the commission, but whether this is a portion only of the council of July 15 or a new organization is uncertain. Ibid., No. 738.

The members of the commission for Virginia appointed June 17, 1631, were: Edward Earl of Dorset, Henry Earl of Danby, Dudley Viscount Dorchester, Secretary Sir John Coke, Sir John Danvers, Sir Robert Killigrew, Sir Thomas Rowe, Sir Robert Heath, Mr. Recorder [Heneage Finch], Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir John Wolstenholme, Sir Francis Wiatt, Sir John Brooke, Sir Kenelm Digby, Sir John Zouch, John Bankes, Thos. Gibb, Nath. Rott [Wrote?}, Mr. Sands, John Wolstenholme, Nicholas Ferrar, Mr. Barber, and John Ferrar. See Colonial Papers, Vol. VI, No. 14. The commissioners for plantations appointed April 28, 1634, were: William Land, Archbishop of Canterbury; Thomas Lord Coventry, lord Keeper; Richard Neile, Archbishop of York; Richard Earl of Portland, lord high treasurer; Henry Earl of Manchester; and seven other officers of state.

Another theory as to the fate of the records is that they were at first in charge of Henry Fotherby, clerk of the commissioners, but that they were gradually scattered among the members of the commission most interested in the career of the company as the authority of the commission became purely that of government. The members of the commission, created July 15, 1624, in whose families such papers might be found, are as follows: Henry Viscount Mandeville, Lord President of the Council, Wm. Lord Paget, Anthony Lord Chichester, Sir Thomas Edmonds, Sir John Suckling, Sir Geo. Calvert, Sir Edward Conway, Sir Richard Western, Sir Julius Caesar, Sir Humphrey May, Sir Saville Hicks, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Henry Mildmay, Sir Thomas Coventry, Sir Robert Heath, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Sir Robert Killigrew, Sir Charles Montague, Sir Philip Carew, Sir Francis Goston [Gofton], Sir Thomas Wroth, Sir John Wolstenholme, Sir Nathaniel Rich, Sir Samuel Argall, Sir Humphrey Handford, Mathew Sutcliff, Dean of Exeter, Francis White, Dean of Carlisle, Thomas Tamshaw, Alderman Robert Johnson, James Cambell, Ralph Freeman, Morris Abbott, Nathaniel Butler, George Wilmore, William Hackwell, John Mildmay, Philip Germayne, Edward Johnson, Thomas Gibbes, Samuel Wrote, John Porey (?), Michael Hawes, Edward Palavacine, Robert Bateman, Martin Bond, Thomas Styles, Nicholas Leate, Robert Butt, Abraham Cartwright, Richard Edwards, John Dyke, Anthony Aldy, William Palmer, Edward Ditchfield, George Mole, and Richard Morer. a

Virginia Magazine of History, VII, 40.

Had not the receipt from the Privy Council to the secretary of the company revealed the existence of the early records in 1623, and had not the memoranda of Sir Nathaniel Rich confirmed the fact, b

Ante, pp. 25, 63.

Documents relating to the History of the Public Record Office, in the Record Office.

It remains for the future enquirer to examine the collections which are known to contain papers belonging to the families indicated by the names of the various com- missioners and of the Privy Councillors for that period. Such investigations are made difficult by the transfer of papers from one branch of a family to another, necessitating a knowledge of the genealogy of the various families represented. Having found the heirs of the families in question, the search may then be conducted through the reports of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. But this is not sufficient. Since trace of the family is often lost, or no evidence can be found of collections of docu- ments, it becomes necessary to search through every section of those reports of the commission for stray sets of papers. The greatest confusion also results from the sale of libraries, and while the catalogues of Quaritch or Sotheby may afford a clue to the offer of such material for sale, often in small lots, the name of the purchaser is not usually to be discovered. The result is that the student must wait in patience until the papers have drifted into some great depository—such as the British Museum and the Bodleian Library—or until they have been made known to the public through the Manuscripts Commission or by private enterprise. a

The search for the records has not only been conducted along these lines, but the collections belonging to the families of the officers of State under James I, and Charles I, have been investigated.

Another difficulty, which can not be overcome by the individual student, is the insufficiency of the catalogues of early date. This is gradually being met by the re-issue of catalogues and calendars in the British Museum, and the Bodleian, although the new catalogue of the latter is only "summary." The Ashmolean and Rawlinson papers in the Bodleian may afford many surprises. Furthermore, the early reports of the Manuscripts Commission were often incomplete and too general in character. However, the more recent volumes are full calendars, and the older volumes may be republished in time.

In the great collections of the British Museum are brought together the papers or portions of the papers of a few of the men with whom we are concerned. In the Lansdowne collection are about one-third of the papers of Sir Julius Caesar, master of the rolls, which were sold at auction in 1757. Among these have been found the valuable letters of John Martin and the draft of the commission of 1624. In the Harleian collection, brought together by Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, at the close of the seventeenth century, and among the papers of Sir John Cotton, who was a noted antiquarian of the time of James I, are a few important documents.

The valuable collection of the Marquis of Bath, containing the Cecil papers, has been recatalogued and found to contain nothing which concerns the company after 1616, and nothing of the earlier period not known to Alexander Brown.

Two other collections, imperfectly calendared by the Manuscripts Commission, are those of Lord Sackville, of Knole, Seven Oaks, Kent, and of the Earl of Coventry, Croome Court, Severn Stoke, Worcestershire. Since the statement was made by John Ferrar, in the later years of his life, that Sir Robert Killigrew had left the Virginia papers to Sir Edward Sackville, the Earl of Dorset, our interest in this collection is intensified. Both Sir Robert Killigrew and Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, are seen to have been vitally connected with the company and the settle- ment of its affairs. Two other connections of this family may have brought together collections which might contain Virginia papers. Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, married Frances, the daughter of Lionel Cranfield, the first Earl of Middlesex, and he himself became heir to the Cranfield house and title as third earl. The first Earl of Middlesex was the lord treasurer during the régime of the company and figures prominently as the individual who conducted the quo warranto suit against the Virginia Company. Furthermore, Lionel Sackville West is the direct descendant of Lord De La Warr, of Virginia fame. The combination of the four houses of Killigrew, Sackville, Middlesex, and De La Warr, which were of so great importance in Virginia affairs, leads to the hope of a valuable collection of manuscripts. Four documents are mentioned in the report of the commission, and these refer to the tobacco trade, but an inquiry of Lord Sackville as to other material in his posses- sion elicited the reply from Lionel Sackville West that Lord Sackville knew of "no other papers at Knole relating to the colony of Virginia than those mentioned in the report of the commissioners." It may be, however, that a more careful calendar of this collection will disclose papers of great importance.

From March 14, 1616, to January 11, 1620, Thomas Coventry was solicitor- general; later, during the Sandys-Southampton administration of the Virginia Company, he held the position of attorney-general. On November 1, 1625, he became lord keeper, and remained in that office during the period coinciding with the organization of the colonial administration. Hence it was that, when it was found from the report of the Manuscripts Commission that many of Lord Keeper Coventry's papers had not been investigated, the Editor addressed a letter to the Earl of Coventry, Croome Court. This resulted in a confirmation of the statement, and a promise to search the papers which are now in the "strong room here." In a letter to Ambassador Choate, July 27, 1904, the Earl of Cov- entry made the following statement: "In company with a son I went through the boxes containing papers of the Lord Keeper Coventry in which I thought it likely I might find the documents referring to the Virginia Company of London, some time ago, but I could discover nothing relating to the company." The letter goes on to say that the "papers are in bad condition and very difficult to decipher." Hence the conclusion may be reached that this most likely hiding place for Virginia records is not to reveal new material.

The collections at Thirlestaine House, Cheltenham, and at Hatfield House, are extremely valuable, but T. Fitzroy Fenwick, esq., the present owner of the former, states that there is no material in that collection relating to the early history of Virginia, and a manuscript catalogue, kindly loaned to the writer by Lord Salisbury, indicates that the papers at Hatfield House, now being calendared, have no bearing on the subject in hand.

By tracing the family connections of the descendants of Sir Thomas Smythe and the Earl of Southampton intermarriages are found which might result in the location of valuable papers in many of the large depositories. All of these have been investigated by the Manuscripts Commission. Thus, from Sir Thomas Smythe the documents might have been inherited by the first or the second Earl of Leicester; by Sir Sydney Stafford Smythe, baron of the exchequer in 1772 and last of the descendants of the male line; by the eighth Viscount Strangford, vice-president of the Royal Geographical Society, with whose death in 1869 the senior branch of the family was terminated; and by the present Duke of Marlborough through the second marriage of Lady Dorothy Sydney Smythe, daughter of Robert, second Earl of Leicester. The Wriothesley family is to-day represented in the houses of the Duke of Bedford and of the Duke of Portland, the former having inherited the London property of Robert, third Earl of Southampton, and the latter the Tichfield estate.

The large number of documents among the Smyth of Nibley papers a

Ante, p. 55.

The fact that the original records of the company before 1619, and a compara- tively small portion after that date have not been discovered has led generally to the conclusion that the party of the Crown destroyed the evidences of the misman- agement during the first decade and of the comparatively prosperous condition in the second. That they failed to take into account the records in the colony and the Ferrar transcripts of the court book is the good fortune of posterity. But the destruction of the records can not properly be considered as proved until the public collections have been more carefully calendared and the private collections have been more thoroughly investigated. The absolute lack of evidence that the Crown and its supporters held such an attitude and the knowledge that the commissioners took the records into their charge "for use" encourages the hope that a faithful endeavor to discover their location may yet be rewarded by success.

This list includes all documents, letters, publications, or other records of the Virginia Company, or relating to the company between 1616 and 1625, which the Editor has been able to discover, and also those previous to 1616 which are not published or cited by Alexander Brown in the Genesis of the United States. The object in compiling the list has been to give to the student of history the necessary information concerning each document in as convenient form as possible in order to aid him in finding or in identifying the papers. The documents have been arranged in chronological order, but with the provision that whenever the day of the month is uncertain the document has been placed at the beginning of the month, and when the month is not known it has been placed at the beginning of the year. Thus, at the first of each year and of each month will be found the undated papers, or those to which it has been impossible to assign dates. The subject-matter, as well as the title and the name of the author has been given rather for identification than to serve as a calendar, since it is the aim of this series to publish all material except that which is purely supplementary. The documents which it is intended to publish in this series, if the privilege can be secured, have been indicated by an asterisk. The title has been quoted wherever possible, and the orthography of proper names has been made to conform to that of the document. The location, indicated by abbreviated forms, and the reference, following the abbreviation, Ref., of every edition, contemporary copy, or later transcript has been given, but the description of the document is either in the introduction or will be found in connection with its publication in the succeeding volumes. Wherever the paper has been published or calendared the reference has been cited after the abbreviation, Pub. The material has been classi- fied with regard to source or authorship and the classes have been indicated by Roman numerals, placed to the left of the "reference." The bibliographies have been included in the index in the second volume of the series. It has been found necessary either to abbreviate or to use symbols for the names of the libraries or collections in which documents are found, and those abbreviations have been placed at the extreme right hand of the page.

CLASSES OF DOCUMENTS
I.
• Fundamental documents, emanating from the Crown.
II.
• The court book of the company.
III.
• Documents issued by the company: instructions, commissions, grants, receipts, official corre- spondence.
IV.
• Records of the colony: court book, orders, reports, letters.
V.
• Publications of the company.
VI.
• Private papers of individual adventurers.
VII.
• Supplementary correspondence and records of nonmembers of the company.

*Document will be published in this series.

1600 BEFORE 1609
1. *

Reproduced in the present publication. [LC] Transcript in the Library of Congress. I, II, III, etc., represent the class of document.

• Reasons against publishing the King's title to Virginia. A justification for planting Virginia.
VI.
• Ref: Tanner MSS., XCIII, fo. 200 (old fo. 352). BOD. [LC]

1606 (?)
2.
• "A plaine declaracon, how greatlie the ffarmours of the Tobacco impost have bene endam- aged by that ffarme, and what proffitt and benefitt their labour & travell have brought to his Matie." BM. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Lansdowne, Caesar Papers, 156, fo. 58.
• The date is in the index in the writing of the century. The names mentioned in the docu- ment prove that it was as early as 1612, the date when tobacco was first planted in Virginia.

1606/7 1606/7, FEBRUARY 16–1607/8, FEBRUARY 4
3.
• Payments for apparel and tobacco for Mr. George Percy sent to him in Virginia. SYON.
VI.
• Ref: Rolls of the Duke of Northumberland.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Sixth Report, 229a.

1607/8 1607/8, FEBRUARY 8–1608/9, FEBRUARY 3
4.
• Payments for Mr. Geo. Percy for necessities for building a house in Virginia and for trinkets.
VI.
• Ref: Rolls of the Duke of Northumberland. SYON.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Sixth Report, 229a.

1607
5.
• King and Privy Council. Oaths of supremacy and allegiance administered to colonists.
I.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., Vol. III, pt. i, pp. 20, 20a. LC.
6.
• ——. Oath of the Secretary of the Colony administered by Governor and Council in Virginia.
I.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., Vol. III, pt. i, p. 21. LC.

1608
7.
• Popham con Havercombe. The President and Council of the Virginia Company v. the master of the "Guift of God," for not sufficiently providing the passengers. Complaint, answer, and judgment. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Admiralty, Instance and Prize, Libels 73, Nos. 274, 279.
• This suit concerns the northern colony for Virginia.

MAY 28
8.
• Ralph, Lord Eure. A letter to Sir Robert Harley, stating that Captain Newport has brought over Captain Wingfield, accused of some treachery, but not yet tried. WELB.
VII.
• Ref: MSS. of the Duke of Portland.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourteenth Report, pt. 2, p. 5.

1609
9.
• Virginia Council (?). General instructions to the lieutenant governor of Virginia. Copy of the sixth article. BM.
III.
• Ref: MSS. of the Marquis of Lansdowne, Vol. 58.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fifth Report, 226.

MAY
10.
• Virginia Council. "Instrucc̃ons, orders, and constituc̃ons ... to Sr Thomas Gates knight Governor of Virginia ... by vs his Maiesties Councell for [Virginia.]" BOD. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ashmolean MSS., 1147, fos. 175–190a.
• A contemporary copy.

1609 (?)/10
11.
• Virginia Council. "Instructions, orders, and constituc̃ons ... to Sr Thomas West knight Lo: La Warr, ... by vs his Maties Councell for the Companie of adventurers ... [for Virginia]." BOD. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ashmolean MSS., 1147, fos. 191–205a.
• A contemporary copy.

1609–12 (?)
12.
• G[eorge] P[ercy]. "A trew relation of the proceedings and occurents of momente which have happened in Virginia from Sr Thomas Gates—1609 to my departure, A. D. 1602 [1612]." PET.
IV.
• Ref: MSS. of Lord Leconfield, No. 81, 4th to 17th century, vellum, p. 1.
• Pub: Catalogue: Hist. MSS. Com., Sixth Report, 307.

1609/10 1609/10, FEBRUARY 7–1610/11, FEBRUARY 6
13.
• Payments for tobacco for the Earl and Lord Percy and for George Percy in Virginia.
VI.
• Ref: MSS. of the Duke of Northumberland. SYON.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Sixth Report, 229b.

1610 NOVEMBER 18
14.
• George Yeardley. A letter to Sr Henry Peyton, stating that the country needs only "round and free support of men and money." BOD. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Eng. Hist. MSS., c. 4, new No., MS. 29724, fo. 3.

1610/11 MARCH 4
15.
• Town of Ipswich. Order for "adventuring out of the towne treasure one hundred pounds ... in the voyage to Virginia." IPS.
VII.
• Ref: Ext. from General Court Books, 4 March, 8 James I.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Ninth Report, pt. 1, p. 256.

1611 (?)
16.
• Virginia Council. A letter "to Sr Raphe Winwood, Ambassador," requesting adventurers in the Netherlands, and telling of the prosperous condition of the Colony. MONT.
III.
• Ref: Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry MSS., Winwood Papers.
• Pub: Full calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Report on above, Vol. I (1899), p. 103.

1611 APRIL
17.
• Sir Thomas Smythe. A letter to Sr Raphe Winwood, Ambassador, acknowledging ¥72 from above request, and sending the bills of adventure. MONT.
III.
• Ref: Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry MSS., Winwood Papers.
• Pub: Full calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Report on above, Vol. I (1899), p. 99.

1611/12 MARCH 10
18.
• ——Bruz. A letter to the Earl of Rutland concerning Dale's departure with three hundred men at expense of ¥8,000. BEL.
VII.
• Ref: Earl of Rutland Papers.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Twelfth Report, pt. 4, p. 429.

1612 APRIL 28
19.
• Sir John Digby. A letter to W. Trumbull concerning the Spanish attitude toward the Virginia plantation, and other letters of similar character. SHER.
VII.
• Ref: George Wingfield Digby MSS., Register of Letters.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS., Com., Tenth Report, pt. 1, pp. 576, 583, 600, 608, 609.

NOVEMBER 25
20.
• Virginia Company. Virginia Company con Sir Thomas Mildmaye, James Bryarley, and Matthew de Quester. The bill of complaint addressed to Thos. Lord Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor, with regard to the payment of certain sums adventured. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/27.

DECEMBER 11
21.
• Sir Thomas Mildmaye. The answer of Sir Thomas Mildmaye to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/27.

1612/13 JANUARY 11
22.
• James Bryarley and Mathewe de Quester. The answer of James Bryarley and Mathewe de Quester to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/27.

JANUARY 26
23.
• John Wheeler. John Wheeler to Sir Raphe Winwood requesting adventures in the lottery for himself and others. MONT.
III.
• Ref: Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry MSS., Winwood Papers.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Report on above, Vol. I (1899), pp. 122–123.

1613 APRIL 28
24.
• Virginia Company. Virginia Company con Sir H. Neville, Sir Geo. Huntleye, Wm. Hall, et al., regarding the payment of sums adventured. The bill of complaint. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 4/17.

MAY 18
25.
• Sir George Huntley. The answer of Sir Geo. Huntley to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 4/17.

OCTOBER 8
26.
• Virginia Company. Virginia Company con Sir Edmond Boyd, Sir John Sammes, et al., regarding the payment of sums adventured. The bill of complaint. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/69.

NOVEMBER 1
27.
• Sir John Sammes. The answer of Sir John Sammes to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/69.

NOVEMBER 15
28.
• Virginia Company. Virginia Company con William Leveson, regarding the payment of certain sums collected in the lottery and not surrendered. The bill of complaint.
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 2/55. PRO. [LC]

NOVEMBER 30
29.
• William Leveson. The answer of William Leveson to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, Nos. 2/55.

1613/14 [1613, DECEMBER 29]-1614 [JANUARY 8]
30.
• J. Luntius. Letters to Sir Raphe Winwood, ambassador, concerning the rumor of a Spanish attack on the Virginia Colony. MONT.
VII.
• Ref: Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry MSS. Winwood Papers.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Report on above, Vol. I (1899), pp. 122–123.

FEBRUARY 16
31.
• William Hall, Esq. The answer of William Hall to the bill of complaint of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Chancery Proceedings, James I, Bundle U, No. 4/17.

1614/15 FEBRUARY 22
32.
• Privy Council. Order of Privy Council to Lord Howard Effingham, Sir Geo. More, Sir Ed. Howard, and others, requesting cooperation in the lottery and sending books for adventurers' sums. WOD. I. Ref: (1) MSS. of E. R. Wodehouse. (2) MSS. of W. W. Molyneux, Esq.
• Pub: (1) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Thirteenth Report, pt. 4, p. 437.

MARCH 3
33.
• Consideration of the "Letters from Lordes of the Counsell concerninge the Lottery for the helpe of the Englishe in Virginia." READ.
VII.
• Ref: Corporation of Reading Records, MS. XLVIII, a.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eleventh Report, pt. 7, p. 211.

1615 APRIL 13
34.
• Action of the assembly. Every alderman to urge inhabitants to adventure in the Virginia lottery. YAR.
VII.
• Ref: Corporation of Great Yarmouth. Records, 40 Elizabeth to 12 James I, Assem- bly Book. D (j).
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Ninth Report, pt. 1, p. 319.

1615/16 FEBRUARY 10
35.
• Certificate for 104 lbs. of midding tobacco from Virginia. KP.
III.
• Ref: MSS. of the Earl De La Warr.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourth Report, 314.

1615/16, MARCH 6–1623, JUNE 9
36.
• Shareholders in the Virginia Company from 1615–1623. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 33.
• Pub: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, IV, 299–310.
• Transcript in the N.Y. Public Library, Bancroft, I, 203–205.

1616 DECEMBER 19
37.
• Virginia Company. A letter to the mayor of Salisbury concerning a college for Virginia.
III.
• Pub: New England Historical and Genealogical Register.

1616/17
38.
• Virginia Council. A proclamation by His Majesty's Council for Virginia giving license to any in Virginia to return, by obtaining permission from the governor. NY.
III.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers.
• Pub: Brown, Genesis of the United States, II, 797–798.

1617 JUNE 7
39.
• Governor Argall. A letter and proclamations or edicts as to sale of goods and banishment of John Hudson. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: (1) Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.) (2) MS. Coll. Va. Hist. Soc., John Randolph MSS., III, 91.
• Pub: Va. Mag. of Hist., IV, 28–29.
• Cited from "No. 41A Register book during the Goumt. of Saml Argall Esqr admiral, & for ye time p'sent, principal Gour. of Virga.," a record not now known to be in existence.

JUNE 8
40.
• John Rolfe. Letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, giving the story of the journey from Plymouth and the good condition of the colony, though in need of clothing. MC.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Va. Mag. of Hist., X, 134–138.
• A. L. S. Endorsed by Sir Edwin Sandys.

JULY 13-AUGUST 31
41.
• Privy Council. Orders for transportation of prisoners, mentioned by name, to Virginia. I. Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. III, 91, 121. PC. [NY] Pub: Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., ser. 4, Vol. IX, pp. 1–4. Transcript in N. Y. Pub. Lib., Barlow Papers, Virginia, Vol. I.

OCTOBER 20
42.
• Governor Argall. Pardon to George White for running away to the Indians with arms and ammunition; also to Arthur Edwards and to Henry Potter. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: (1) Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.) (2) MS., Coll. Va. Hist. Soc., John. Randolph MSS., III, 91.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
43.
• ——. Commission to trade to north parts of Virginia and for commanders of the several hundreds. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
44.
• ——. Appointment of William Powell, captain of guards belonging to the governor and lieutenant-governor and commander of James Town. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
45.
• ——. Commission to trade in south parts and in the bay. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
46.
• ——. Commission to Captain Nathaniel Pool to be serjeant major generale.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
47.
• ——. Commission to Francis West, master of ordinance, during life. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
48.
• ——. Commission to Nathaniel West, to be captain of the Lord General's company.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
• See No. 40, Remarks.

NOVEMBER 12
49.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to the Puritans.
III.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, 124–125.

NOVEMBER 15
50.
• Governor Argall. Confirmations as to cattle. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.

NOVEMBER 27
51.
• Citizens of Bermuda Hundred. A letter signed by the recorder and nine other citizens claiming West and Shirley hundreds as belonging to them. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.

NOVEMBER 30
52.
• Governor Argall. Letter to citizens of Bermuda Hundred that he will not infringe their rights but begs that colony servants may remain there this year. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.

DECEMBER 4
53.
• Privy Council. Order that the Virginia Company should be custom free for goods returned from the Colony until expiration of the grant. PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. III, p. 201.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Barlow Papers, Virginia, Vol. I.

DECEMBER 27
54.
• Lord De La Warr. Lord De La Warr's covenant to Lord Zouch for his adventure to Virginia.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, No. 36. PC. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 18.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Collection, Virginia Papers, Vol. I, pp. 199–201.

1617/18
55.
• Governor Argall. "Certain Reasons touching ye most convenient times & seasons of ye year for ye magazine ship to set forth for Engld towards Virg.a" (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.
56.
• ——. Letter to the Council for Virginia, wishing to be relieved as governor, complaining because they have joined the cape merchant with him in equal trust.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
• See No. 40. Remarks.
57.
• ——. Four warrants as to trade and relations with the Indians. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
IV.
• Ref: See under No. 40.
• See No. 40, Remarks.

[1618 ?]
58.
• A complete list in alphabetical order of the "Adventurers to Virginia," with the several amounts of their holding. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 241.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.
• The date may be 1619. See an order of the Virginia Company Court Book, Dec. 15, 1619, and June 23, 1620.
59.
• Defalcation made to the farmers of the customs for the subsidy of goods from and to Virginia, 1613–18. KP.
III.
• Ref: MSS. collection of Lord Sackville.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, 251.
60.
• Abraham Jacob. Receipt of tobacco from Lady-day to Michaelmas; Michaelmas to January 23. Total of ¥5,646 18s. 6d. KP.
III.
• Ref: MSS. collection of Lord Sackville.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourth Report, 314.

1617/18 JANUARY 18
61.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton concerning the death of Pocahontas.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 40, No. 25. PRO.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 18.

JANUARY 27
62.
• John Robinson and William Bruster (Puritans). Letter to Sir John Wolstenholme.
VI.
• Pub: Neill, E., Virginia Co. of Lond., 125–126.

JANUARY 31
63.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton concerning the departure of Lord La Warr for Virginia. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 45, No. 27.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 19.

FEBRUARY 3
64.
• Governor Argall. Order addressed to the commander of Kiquotan not to permit landing of sailors on arrival of vessels. LC.
IV.
• Ref: Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.)
• See No. 40, Remarks.

FEBRUARY 20
65.
• Governor Argall. Commission to William Cradock to be provost marshal of Bermuda City and Hundred. LC.
IV.
• Ref: Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto, pp. 92–93. (Abstract only.)
• See No. 40, Remarks.

MARCH 5
66.
• Privy Council. Letter to Lord De La Ware stating that Henry Sherley, an escaped debtor is not to be harbored in Virginia. PC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. III, p. 295. (2) State Papers, Domes- tic, James I, Vol. 46, p. 527.

MARCH 10
67.
• Governor Argall. Letter to the Virginia Company describing the ruinous condition in which he found the colony and the improvements he had made. LC.
IV.
• Ref: Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.)
• See No. 40, Remarks.

MARCH 16
68.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning the departure of Lord La Warr for Virginia. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 45, No. 63.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 19.

MARCH 20
69.
• Privy Council. Orders for transportation of prisoners, mentioned by name, to Virginia.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. III, p. 319. PC.

1618 MARCH 29
70.
• Virginia Company. A letter to the mayor of Salisbury concerning a college for Virginia.
III.
• Pub: New England Hist. and Geneal. Register.

MAY 2.
71.
• Governors of the Virginia Company. Letter to the mayor and aldermen of Leicester, soliciting countenance of the lottery for the furtherance of the endeavor of the said company. LEI.
III.
• Ref: Corporation of Leicester, 6th vol. of Hall Papers. VIII.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 1, p. 435.

MAY 3
72.
• Lord Admiral Nottingham's pass for the "Edwin" of London, returned from Virginia.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. XCVII, No. 56. PRO.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 538.

MAY 4
73.
• John Bargrave and James Brett. John Bargrave, owner, and James Brett, master of "Edwin;" bond for ¥100 to indemnify Lord Zouch for delivering the ship to them.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. XCVII, No. 56. PRO.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 538.

MAY 10
74.
• Governor Argall. Proclamations or edicts relating to attendance at church. LC.
IV.
• Ref: Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.)
• See No. 40, Remarks.

MAY 18
75.
• Governor Argall. Proclamations or edicts regulating acts of colonists as to trade. LC.
IV.
• Ref: Misc. Papers, 1606–1683, quarto. (Abstract only.)
• See No. 40, Remarks.
76.
• Sir E. Sandys, H. Timbertake, J. Ferrar. Meeting of a committee for Smythes Hundred to provide for transportation and furnishing of 35 men to be sent to the Colony, giving method of Hundreds. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Photograph and transcript in Library of Congress. Corrections by Nicholas Ferrar and address and notes by J. Ferrar.

JUNE 11
77.
• Lord Zouch. Letter to Captain Ward concerning the venture of a pinnace to Virginia with John Bargrave. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 44.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 19.

JUNE 12
78.
• Governors of the Virginia Company. Letter to the mayor and aldermen of Leicester Account of drawings of lottery, June 12, 1618. LEI.
III.
• Ref: See under No. 75.
• Pub: See under No. 75.

JUNE 14
79.
• Privy Council. Order for the transportation of prisoners to Virginia. PC. I. Ref: See under No. 41.
• Pub: See under No. 41.

AUGUST 22
80.
• Virginia Company. Letter to Capt. Samuel Argoll sent by the "William and Thomas" concerning his abuse of the company's property. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 23.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Records Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 31–33.

AUGUST 23
81.
• Virginia Company. An extract from a copy of a letter sent to Lord De La Warr, by "Wililam and Thomas," touching Capt. Samuel Argoll. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 29.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Records Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 33–35.

OCTOBER (?)
82.
• Captain Andrews. A letter to Lord Zouch, concerning his intended voyage to Virginia with Jacob Braems. PRO. [NY]
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 33.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 19. Transcript in N. Y. Public Library, Bancroft Collection, Virginia Papers, I, p. 227–233.

OCTOBER 14
83.
• John Chamberlain. A letter announcing the death of Lord La Warr and the shipping of 100 boys and girls to Virginia by "City." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 33.
• Pub: Calendar, State Papers, Domestic, James I, 1611–1618, p. 548.

OCTOBER 19
84.
• Sir Ed. Hext. A letter from the justice of peace of Somersetshire, to the Privy Council, concerning the impressment of maidens to be sent to Virginia. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 42.
• Pub: (1) Va. Mag. of Hist., VI, 228–230. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, 19.

OCTOBER 25
85.
• John Pory. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning the appointment of Sir Geo. Yeardley as governor of Virginia. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 46.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 19–20.

NOVEMBER 18
86.
• Virginia Company. The form of a patent of land.
III.
• Pub: Brown, First Republic, 605–606, note.
87.
• Virginia Council. Proprietary instructions to George Yeardley, governor of Virginia. (1) LC. (2) VHS.
III.
• Ref: (1) Misc. Records 1606–1692, pp. 72–83. (2) Randolph MSS., III, 44–160.
• Pub: Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, II, 154–165.

NOVEMBER 28
88.
• John Pory. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning Pory's appointment as secretary of Virginia. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 111.
• Pub: Calendar, State Papers, Domestic, James I, 1611–1618, p. 598.
89.
• John Chamberlain. A letter stating that Yeardley, "a mean fellow," goes to Virginia as governor, knighted by King, and flaunts the same. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIII, No. 110.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 20.

NOVEMBER 30
90.
• Privy Council. A warrant to send James Stringer, a reprieved prisoner, from Newgate to Virginia. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, 53.

1619
91.
• Ferdinando Yate. "The voyage ... to verginia," a story of the journey. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, 13.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I 70–72.
• Autograph document. The voyage was probably in September, and the account written in January.
92.
• Virginia Company. "Anote of the shipping, men, and Provisions, sent to Virginia by the Treasurer and Company, in the yeere 1619." Printed: 1619. (1) N.Y. (2) KP.
III.
• Ref: (1) Broadside. (2) MSS. in the Collection of Earl De La Warr.
• Pub: (1) Force, Tracts, III, No. V. (2) Va. Mag. of Hist., VI, 231–2.
• This broadside is usually included in the Declaration of the State of Virginia, 1620. See post, No. 183.

[1619]
93.
• [John] Delbridge [Yeardley]. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning Captain Argoll and the specific affairs of the colony upon his arrival. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• An indorsement in a later hand gives letter as from Delbridge. Autograph is Sr Geo. Yeard- ley's. Written soon after April 29, 1619. [Photographic reproduction of part, and transcript in the Library of Congress.]
94.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley. A letter to [Sir Edwin Sandys] concerning the seating of old settlers, Captain Argoll, tobacco sent to Flushing, and relations with Opochancono. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L.
95.
• Sale of ship "New Year's Gift," to Robert, Earl of Warwick, by Roger Dunster and John Thompson. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 248.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.

1618/19 FEBRUARY 3
96.
• Lord Russell. A letter to Sir Clement Edwardes, concerning a prisoner to be sent to Virginia.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CV, No. 75. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar, State Papers, Domestic.
97.
• Indenture between Sir Wm. Throckmorton and the Virginia Company et al., for a plantation in Virginia. NY.
III.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth 3 (4), pp. 53–58.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., 1899, III, 161–164. A contemporary copy.

FEBRUARY 4
98.
• Wm. Ward. A letter to Lord Zouch, warden of Cinque Ports, concerning Mr. Upton as captain of a pinnace to Virginia. CHILD.
VI.
• Ref: MS. collection of J. Eliot Hodgkin, esq., F. S. A.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fifteenth Report, pt. 2, p. 279.

FEBRUARY 15
99.
• Lord Zouch. A warrant for John Fenner, captain of "Silver Falcon," and Henry Bacon, master, to pass to Virginia, and trade with colony and savages. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, No. 44.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 21.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, pp. 235–237.

FEBRUARY 18
100.
• Sir Wm. Throckmorton and others. A letter to Sir Geo. Yeardley, concerning a patent for their Virginia plantation. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, 4.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., 1899, Vol. III, p. 165; I, p. 187.
• A contemporary copy.

FEBRUARY 25
101.
• Privy Council. An order concerning the ship "Treasurer," and its offence against Spaniards.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, 433. PC.
• Pub: Brown: First Republic, 358.

MARCH
102.
• Grant to Abraham and John Jacobb, collector of customs or imposts on tobacco imported into England and Wales. Yearly fee ¥150. PRO.
I.
• Ref: Docquet Book, Signet Office.

1619 APRIL 10
103.
• Sir Wm. Throckmorton. A letter to John Smyth, concerning the plantation in Virginia.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers Smyth, 6. NY.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.
• A. L. S. with seal.

APRIL 13
104.
• Richard Berkeley. A letter to John Smyth, of Nibley, concerning the plantation in Vir- ginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 5.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.
• A. L. S. with seal.

APRIL 27
105.
• Sandys, Harwood, Wolsenhan, Rich, Johnson. Draft of a report of a committee describing the "particular duties" of the several officers of the Virginia Company.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 245. PRO.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 301–305. (2) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.

1619, APRIL 28—1624, JUNE 7
106.
• Virginia Company. The Court Book of the Virginia Company of London; the minutes of the extraordinary, preparative, and general quarter courts from 1619, April 28, to 1624, June 7, except May 20, and the first part of May 22, 1620, which are missing. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., Vols. I, II.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Records Virginia Co., Vols. I, II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, Vols. I, II. (Extracts.)
• A contemporary copy, attested by the secretary of the company, Edward Collingwood.

APRIL 28-JULY 21
107.
• Notes made from the Court Books [of the Virginia Company] "concerning the manner of levying public charges," etc., 1619, April 28-July 21. PRO.
II.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 246.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.

MAY 8
108.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning election of Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the Virginia Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CIX, No. 18.
• Pub: Calendar, State Papers, Domestic, p. 44.

MAY 28
109.
• Governor Argoll. An enactment fixing the limits of Jamestown, Virginia. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II, Index. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 37.

JUNE 17, 21
110.
• Treasurer and Council for Virginia. (1) A commission to Wye. (2) A letter to Sir Geo. Yeardley, expressing pleasure at reforms enacted and outlining policy toward the Indians.
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libels 80, No. 123. PRO.
• In the records of the suit of the Virginia Company with Wye, 1620. See post, No. 148.

JULY 2
111.
• Geo. Thorpe. A letter to John Smithe, of Nibley, concerning the expenses of a voyage to Virginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 7.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.
• A. L. S. with seal.

JULY 8
112.
• "The Counsell of Virginia." Copy of minutes relating to the censure passed on Alderman Johnson by a committee of the Council of Virginia. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 250.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.
113.
• A short draft of censure against Alderman Johnson abandoned in favor of "the preceding."
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 251. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 34.

JULY 20
114.
• Geo. Thorpe. A letter to John Smyth, concerning Partridge's misbehavior. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 8.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187. A. L. S. with seal.
115.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley. A letter concerning Argoll's letters from Lord Ritch.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.

JULY 30, 31; AUGUST 2, 3, 4
116.
• Mr. Pory. "A Reporte of the manner of Proceeding in the General Assembly convented at James City." In the autograph of John Pory indorsed by Sir Dudley Carleton.
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. I, No. 45. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: (1) Wynne and Gilman, Colonial Records of Virginia. (State Senate Document, extra) Richmond, 1874, pp. 1–32. (2) New York Hist, Soc., 2d ser., III, 335. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, p. 22.
• Transcript in N. Y. Public Library, Barlow Papers; Bancroft Papers, I, 251–343.

JULY, AUGUST, AND SEPTEMBER
117.
• The cost of furnishing the "Margaret." Payment for things bought in London by Mr. Thorpe in July, August, and September, 1619. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (13)–(16), pp. 79–93.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 213–223.

AUGUST 3
118.
• Sir Ed. Sandys. A letter to Sir George Yeardley, commending to him the care of Berkeley Hundred. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth 3 (12), p. 78.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.

AUGUST 11
119.
• Gabriel Barbor. A letter to Sir Ed. Sandys, recommending Mr. Newland. MC.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S. written from Exeter.

AUGUST 16
120.
• Sir Ed. Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning the factions in the company and concerning Smith's Hundred. MC. (LC.)
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

AUGUST 18
121.
• Charter party with Mr. Williams, of Bristol, for the hire of his ship "Margaret." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (17), pp. 94–96.
• Pub: (1) N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 165–167. (2) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com.,
• Fifth Report, pt. 1, p. 341.

SEPTEMBER
122.
• Remembrances for Captain Woodleefe against the return of the ship. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (8), pp. 71–72.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
123.
• "A lyst of the men nowe sent for plantacon vnder Captayne Woodleefe governor." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (9), pp. 73–75.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 210–212.

SEPTEMBER 4
124.
• Sir Wm. Throckmorton et al. A commission to Capt. John Woodleefe as governor of the town of Barkley in Virginia, and to act as chief merchant for them. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (5), pp. 59–60.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
125.
• An agreement between Sir Wm. Throckmorton, Richard Berkeley, Geo. Thorpe, John Smyth, and Capt. John Woodleaf, giving the terms. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 9, also 3 (7), pp. 64–70.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 167–171.
126.
• Wm. Throckmorton, Rich. Bearkley, et al. "Ordinances direccions and Instructions to Captaine John Woodlefe for the government of or men & servants in the Towne and hundered of Bearkley in Virginia." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 10, also 3 (6), pp. 61–63.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 208–210.

SEPTEMBER 7
127.
• Indenture between the four adventurers of Berkeley Hundred and Robert Coopy of North Nibley. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 11.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.
• Original document with seals affixed.

SEPTEMBER 9
128.
• Sir William Throckmorton and his three associates. Letter dated at Bristol to Sir George Yeardley, asking him to join in the project. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (11), p. 77.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.

SEPTEMBER 15
129.
• The Certificate of John Lwye, the mayor of Bristol, relating to the men shipped under Capt. John Woodleefe. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, 3 (10), p. 76.

1619–20 1619, SEPTEMBER 16–1620, SEPTEMBER 16
130.
• Account of A. B. of the expenses of the last voyage, from September 16, 1619, to September 16, 1620. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (32), pp. 140–141.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.

1619 SEPTEMBER 20
131.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, urging a steadfast policy and the securing of warrants. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

SEPTEMBER 29
132.
• Sir Edwin Sandys (?). A letter to the [Earl of Southampton], concerning plans for planters and Yeardley's resignation. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A rough draft in Sandys' autograph.

SEPTEMBER 30
133.
• John Pory. A letter to "the Right Honble and my singular good lorde" from James city in Virginia, concerning the expedition of Captain Argall to the West Indies; the need of the English plough, vines, and cattle in the colony; the success of some of the colonists in acquiring wealth. NY.
IV.
• Ref: Barlow Collection, 2270.
• A. L. S.

OCTOBER 2
134.
• Gabriel Barbor. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the ease with which money was collected for the lottery. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

OCTOBER 4
135.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning entries in the Court Book.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]

OCTOBER 18
136.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning factions in the company and his own finances. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. Hist. and Biog., X, 416–417.
• A. L. S.

NOVEMBER 6
137.
• Privy Council. A letter to Abraham Jacobs to release the tobacco to the Virginia Company.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, p 358. PC.

NOVEMBER 11
138.
• Council in Virginia. "The putting out of the Tenants that came over in the B. N. wth other orders of the Councell." MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Indorsement and marginal notes in John Ferrar's handwriting. Photographic reproduction and transcript in the Library of Congress.

NOVEMBER 12
139.
• Governor and Council in Virginia. An order appointing tasters of tobacco. MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Photographic reproduction and transcript in the Library of Congress.

DECEMBER 4
140.
• Sir George Yeardley. Certificate with regard to the arrival of the "Margaret" in Virginia, with the names of passengers. NY.
IV.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (18), p. 97.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.

DECEMBER 30
141.
• James I. Printed proclamation to restrain the planting of tobacco in England and Wales. (1) PRO. (2) KP. (3) ANT. (4) Q.
I.
• Ref: (1) Proclamations, James I, No. 74. (2) Earl DeLaWarr Collection. (3) Anti- quaries. (4) Collections of proclamations.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourth Report, pt. 1, p. 299.

[1620] (?)
142.
• Adventurers and Planters. Copy of a petition to the "Lds & rest of the body politic for the state of his Maj's Colony in Virginia," from "many of 1″ person, adventurers & planters willing and ready to prepare thither." PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 247.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 33.
143.
• Sir Nathaniel Rich (?). Statement, possibly intended for a speech before Virginia Company in defense of the Earl of Warwick. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 279.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 35–36.
144.
• — Rough notes for his defense before the council of the Virginia Company on the charge of having altered an order of the council, which he had been requested to draw up.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 280. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 36.
145.
• Rough draft of proposition affecting the Virginia Company, viz, that matters in dispute between them and Captain Argall be referred to arbitration, etc. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 281.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 36.
146.
• List of names of His Majesty's council for Virginia, given in the three patents and since. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 288.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 37.

[EARLY]
147.
• Governor Nath. Butler. A letter to [Sir Nath. Rich] (?) from the Summer Island colony, referring to the "Treasurer." PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 269–270.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 35.

1620–22
148.
• Capt. Nath. Butler. History of the Bermudas. BM.
VII.
• Ref: Sloane MSS., 750.
• Pub: LeFroy, The Historye of the Bermudoes

1620 TRINITY TERM
149.
• Virginia Company con Wye. Complaint and accompanying documents. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Admiralty court, Instance & Prize, Libels 80, Nos. 121–124.
• See ante No. 110.

1620
150.
• Banoeil. "Observations to be followed, for the making of fit roomes, to keepe Silk-wormes in: as also, for the best manner of planting Mulbery trees to feed them." Printed.
V.
• (1) JCB. (2) NY.
• Quarto. 21 pages. Imprinted Felix Kingston. Pages 25–27 missing, evidently misnum- bered. This work contains post No. 151, pp. 25–28. Reprinted, 1622. See post No. 347.
151.
• Virginia Company. "A Valuation of the Commodities growing and to be had in Virginia (?) rated as they are worth." Printed. (1) PRO. (2) BOD. (3) JCB. (4) NY.
V.
• Ref: (1) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, No. 24 (MSS.). (2) MSS. No. 50b, 14.
• Included in the printed book, cited above, No. 150.
152.
• Virginia Company. "A note of Shipping, Men, and Provisions, sent and Prouided for Virginia." Printed. (1) BM. (2) ANT. (3) PRO.
V.
• Ref: (2) Printed broadsides, James I, No. 180. (3) Manchester Papers, No. 291.

1619/20 JANUARY
153.
• John Peirse. John Peirse to Sir Edwin Sandys by the "George." MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

JANUARY
154.
• John Rolfe. A letter to Sir Ed. Sandys, concerning the first meeting of the Assembly and other details of the Colony. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

JANUARY 10
155.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley. "Sr. Geo: Yardles 1'r 10. Jan: 1619: of the Place assigned for our Berkely." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 14.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 72.
• A. S.

JANUARY 13
156.
• John Pory. A letter to [Sir Ed. Sandys] by the "George," concerning Samuel Argall.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• [Photographic reproduction of part and transcript in the Library of Congress.] A. L. S.

JANUARY 14
157.
• John Pory. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the arrival and location of men. MC.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Va. Mag. of Hist., X, 289–290.
• [Photograph of beginning and of end, Vol. X, pp. 416–417.] A. L. S.

JANUARY 16
158.
• John Pory. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning Gov. Yeardley and also various com- modities. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• L. S.

JANUARY 21
159.
• Council in Virginia. Letter from colony to company concerning tobacco. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 220.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Records Virginia Co., post, II; (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 116.

JANUARY 28
160.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to Sir Robt. Naunton, concerning the poor children to be sent to Virginia. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 112, No. 49.
• Pub: Va. Mag. of Hist., VI, p. 232; Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 23.

JANUARY 31
161.
• Privy Council. Order giving authority for 100 children to be sent to Virginia. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, p. 400.

FEBRUARY
162.
• Charges incurred in obtaining for the plantation new supplies sent with Governor Thorpe.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (19), pp. 98–99. NY.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, p. 186.

FEBRUARY 2
163.
• Sir John Danvers. A letter to the Marquis of Buckingham, concerning a proposition for his Majesty's profit. DROP.
VII.
• Ref: MSS. of Hon. G. M. Fortescue.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Second Report, p. 57.

FEBRUARY 25
164.
• Jas. Berblocke. Order to Mr. Ferrar to pay ¥32 to Thomas Stevens for Smith's Hundred.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• [Photographic reproduction of the end in the Library of Congress.]

FEBRUARY 25
165.
• Privy Council. An order concerning the offence of the "Treasurer" against the Spaniards.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, p. 433. PC.
• Pub: Brown, First Republic, 358.

MARCH 6
166.
• Wm. Weldon. A letter to Sir Ed. Sandys, complaining at provisions sent and reporting on College Land. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• [Photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

1620 APRIL 5, 10
167.
• Sir Thomas Rowe, Mr. Leate, Mr. Caning, et al. (1) Petition to the Privy Council for a patent for the sole import of tobacco for 7 years. (2) A project for the same. (1) PC. (2) BM. [LC].
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, p. 475. (2) Lansdowne MSS., 162, fo. 159.

APRIL 10
168.
• Privy Council. An order allowing the sole importation of tobacco as above. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, p. 475.

APRIL 15
169.
• William Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, concerning endeavors for men for the plantation.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 16. NY.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 248.
• A. L. S.

MAY (?)
170.
• Copy of opinion of counsel upon the patents of the [Virginia] Company with special reference to the power of removing Sir Thomas Smith from office of treasurer. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 271.

MAY 1
171.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning the examination of the acts of the Assembly in Virginia and also their accounts. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S. [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

MAY 7
172.
• Indenture assigning Sir Wm. Throckmorton's share of Berkeley Hundred to Wm. Tracy.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (20), pp. 100–102. NY.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 248–250.

MAY 16
173.
• Alderman Johnson. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the sale of tobacco.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S. [Transcirpt and photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]

MAY 17
174.
• Treasurer, Council, and Company for Virginia. A Broadside concerning the condition of the colony and especially the commodities there produced. Printed. NY.
V.
• Indorsement in autograph of John Smith of Nibley (?).

[JUNE]
175.
• Wm. Tracy. Two letters to John Smyth "at ye blew lion in Chauserilane this," asking aid for raising a company. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 19.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 253.
• A. L. S.
176.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, concerning accounts. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 18.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 252.
• A. L. S.

JUNE 1
177.
• John Smyth. "Copy of my lettre to Mr Berkeley. 1. Junii. 1620 about our accompts for the Virginia ship then returned". NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 15.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 250–251.
• Indorsed by John Smyth.

JUNE 7
178.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to Marquis of Buckingham, justifying his exposures of Sir Thos. Smyth. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, I, No. 51.
• A. L. S. Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers I, 345–353.
179.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley. A letter to [Sir Ed. Sandys], complaining at the lack of provisions sent.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S. Indorsed by Sir Ed. Sandys.

JUNE 12
180.
• John Pory. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, giving an elaborate description concerning the condition of the colony. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• L. S. Marginal note in John Ferrar's autograph. Photographic reproduction and transcript in the Library of Congress.
181.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning letters from Virginia. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

JUNE —
182.
• William Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, "about his dispatch into Virgynia, June 1620."
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 17. NY.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 151–152.
• A. L. S.

JUNE 22
183.
• "Counseil for Virginia". "A Declaration of the State of the Colony and Affaires in Vir- ginia". Printed. Including also the following:
• "A Note of the Shipping, 1619";
• "The Names of the Adventurers" with the sums adventured;
• A Declaration of the Supplies to be sent, July 18, 1620;
• "The Orders and Constitutions ... for the better gouerning of the Actions and affaires of the [Virginia] Companie";
• Also in different editions are found A Declaration of the division of land, 1616;
• And A Declaration of November 15, 1620. (1) BM. (2) CAMB. (3) HARV. (4) JCB. (5) LC. (6) NEWB. (7) NY.
V.
• Pub: Force, Tracts, III, Nos. V, VI.
• For a discussion of the difference between the editions and the different supplementary
• "Declarations" added after the "Orders and Constitution," see ante, pp. 89–90. See also
• List of Records, Nos. 92, 220.

JUNE 29
184.
• James I. Printed proclamation for the restraint of the disordered trading for tobacco.
I.
• Ref: Proclamations, James I, No. 82. PRO.

JULY
185.
• [Privy Council.] Commission to the Lord Treasurer to contract with Sir Thomas Rowe, Abraham Jacob, and Hurdman, Budd, et al. for the importation of tobacco. PRO.
I.
• Ref: Docquet Book, Signet Office.
186.
• Mr. Russell. "Mr. Russell's proiect touching artificiall wyne in Virginia." NY.
IV.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 30.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 255–256.
• A. S.

JULY 5
187.
• William Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, concerning "my cousin barkli". NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 20.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 253.
• A. L. S.

JULY 8
188.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, from London, concerning the election of the Earl of Southampton as treasurer of the Virginia Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. CXVI, No. 13.
• Pub: Calendar: State Papers, Domestic, Vol. CXVI, p. 162.

JULY 12
189.
• Virginia Company. "A Commission graunted vnto Willm Tracy Esq for a voyag intended to Virginia". NY.
III.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (22), p. 123.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 254–255.
• A copy.

JULY 14
190.
• Wm. Tracy. Two letters to John Smyth. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 21, 22.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 253–254.
• A. L. S.

JULY 19
191.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning personal and financial affairs. MC.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. [LC]
• A. L. S.

JULY 23
192.
• Privy Council. Order to the Sollicitor General to prepare a patent for North Colony of Virginia. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. IV, 574.

AUGUST
193.
• Virginia Council. Extract from a letter affecting Capt. Argall. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 272.

AUGUST 2
194.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, concerning Berkeley Hundred. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 23.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 256.
• A. L. S.

AUGUST 9
195.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth, concerning Berkeley Hundred. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 24.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 257.
• A. L. S.

AUGUST 18 OR AUGUST 28
196.
• Throkmorton, Berkeley, Thorpe & Smyth. Revocation of Capt. John Woodleaf's com- mission. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (23), p. 124, also 31.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 257–258.
• 3 (23), copy.
• 31, "Vera copia ext p. Rob: Maundey."

AUGUST 25
197.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning demands from Huddleston.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.

AUGUST 28
198.
• "Covenants and agreements between Richard Berkeley of Stoke . . . George Thorpe . . . Willm Tracy of Gayles" . . . and . . . "John Smyth of Northimbly" . . . NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3, also 3 (25), pp. 127–129.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 276–278.
• Copy.
199.
• Commission to George Thorpe & Wm. Tracy as governors of the plantation in Virginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (24), pp. 125–126.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
• Copy.

AUGUST 31
200.
• Charter party with Wm. Ewins for the ship "Supply" in which Wm. Tracy went to Virginia.
III.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (29), pp. 134–136. NY.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
• Copy.

SEPTEMBER
201.
• An account with Ed. Williams for hire of the first ship, and the wages of Toby Felgate, pilot in the first voyage. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (33), p. 142.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.
202.
• The cost of furnishing the "Supply" sent from Bristol. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3, pp. 143–150.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 283–290.

SEPTEMBER 1
203.
• Berkeley, Thorpe, Tracy, and Smyth. Agreement to supply Richard Smyth and wife, Anthony and Wm., their sons, Robt. Bisaker and wife, and Richard Hopkins with land for cultivation in Virginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (27), pp. 132–133.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
204.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth concerning Berkeley Hundred. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 25.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 278.
• A. L. S.

SEPTEMBER 3
205.
• List of Settlers. "A list of men nowe sent for plantac̃on in Virginia." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (31), pp. 138–139.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 290–292.
• The day of month not given in MSS.

SEPTEMBER 10
206.
• Richard Berkeley and John Smyth. Instructions and advice to Geo. Thorpe. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (26), pp. 129–131.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 278–280.

SEPTEMBER 15
207.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth. Personal affairs of the plantation, otherwise unim- portant. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 26.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 188.
• A. L. S.
208.
• Agreement between Richard Berkeley, George Thorpe et al., and Robert Pawlett to go to Virginia as preacher, surgeon, and physician. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (28), p. 133.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.

1620–22 1620, SEPTEMBER 18–1622, MICHAELMAS
209.
• Account of money expended since Wm. Tracie's departure, September 18, 1620, until Michael- mas, 1622. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (35), pp. 151–152.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.

1620 SEPTEMBER 18
210.
• Thomas Parker. Certificate of the mayor of Bristol to sailing of "Supply," with names of passengers. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (30), p. 137.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 186.
211.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, urging Mr. Carter to make three catalogues of indebted adventurers. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

SEPTEMBER 20
212.
• John Smyth. Account of expenses for Virginia plantation. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 32.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 189.
• Autograph of John Smyth.

SEPTEMBER 22
213.
• Timothy Gate. A letter to his "cosyn Mr Williã Tracy att Bristol". NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 45.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 281.

SEPTEMBER 23
214.
• John Bridges. A letter to John Smyth concerning the incarceration of Tracy. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 29.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 281–282.
• A. L. S. with seal.

SEPTEMBER 24
215.
• Wm. Tracy. A letter to John Smyth concerning the journey. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 27.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 282.
• A. L. S.

SEPTEMBER 25
216.
• William Tracy. A letter to John Smyth concerning his imprisonment. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 28.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 282–283.
• A. L. S.

SEPTEMBER 30
217.
• Indenture between George Thorpe on one part and Robert Oldesworth and John Smyth on the other. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 12.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 187.

OCTOBER 23
218.
• Capt. Butler. Captain Butler to Nathaniel Rich, stating difference between the 2 earls [South- ampton and Warwick]. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 284.
219.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, with a reference to Lord Chamberlain.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC].
• A. L. S.

NOVEMBER 15
220.
• Councell for Virginia. Declaration in addition to that of July 18 of ships and supplies to be sent to Virginia, and soliciting planters and money. Printed. NY.
V.
• Ref: In "Declaration of the State of the Colony and Affaires in Virginia."
• See ante, No. 183; also ante, p. 89–90.

DECEMBER 19
221.
• Geo. Thorpe. A letter to John Smyth from "Southampton Hundred." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 33.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., III, 292–293.
• A. L. S.
222.
• "Greevovs Grones for the Poore," dedicated to the "Company of the Virginian and Sommer Iland Plantations." Printed. NEWB.
VII.
• Ref: Collection of Ed. E. Ayer.
• Printed for Michael Sparke.

1621
223.
• Virginia Company. "A note of the shipping, men, and prouisions . . . prouided for Virginia by . . . Southampton, and the Company ..." Printed.
V.
• Ref: (2) Collection of Broadsides, James I, No. 194. (1) NY. (2) ANT.
224.
• Henry Fleet. Henry Fleet's Journal of Voyage in the "Warwick" to Virginia. LAMB.
IV.
• Pub: Neill, The English Colonization of America.
225.
• Virginia Company. "A Comission granted by the Treasuror Counsell and Company for Virginia to Sr Thomas Smith for the free fishinge on the coast of America." BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fols. 73–74.
226.
• Earl of Warwick with Edward Bruster concerning the ships "Treasurer" and "Neptune."
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libel 81, No. 6. PRO. [LC]

1621(?)
227.
• "Wallons and French." Promise of certain "Wallons and French" to emigrate to Virginia. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, I, No. 45.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 498.

1620/21 JANUARY 29
228.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley. Certificate to Council and Company of Virginia of the arrival at Berkeley of 50 persons, with list of names. NY.
IV.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 34.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull. I, 189.
• A. S. of George Yeardley and Jo: Pory, Secr. Seal and stamp: double rose.

JANUARY 21
229.
• Sir Geo. Yeardley & the Council in Virginia. Copy of a letter to Earl of Southampton and Council and Company for Virginia, forwarding a petition of colonists vs. the King's proclamation forbidding importation of tobacco. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 290.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 37.
• Certified by John Pory.

FEBRUARY 28
230.
• House of Lords. Act for repressing odious . . . sin of drunkenness and restraint . . . of excess price of beer and ale. ⅓ of penalties to go to the Virginia Company. HL.
I.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Third Report, p. 18.

MARCH 4
231.
• Privy Council. Order upon the complaint of Parliament of great abuse of lotteries for raising monies towards the advancement of the plantation in Virginia, & relief of distresses there, suspending the same. PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 11. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 201.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 25.
• Transcript, N. Y. Pub. Lib., Bancroft Papers, I, fo. 357.

MARCH 6
232.
• Sir George Yeardley. Grant by Sir Geo. Yeardley, Governor of Virginia. to Geo. Harrison ... of 200 acres of land . . . PRO. [NY]
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, No. 53.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 25.
• Original document with autograph signatures, indorsed by John Pory. Transcript. N. Y Pub. Lib. Bancroft, I, 361–5.

MARCH 8
233.
• James I. Proclamation by the King commanding Virginia Company to forbear license for keeping and continuing any lottery. (1) Q. (2) ANT. (3) PRO. (4) JCB.
I.
• Ref: (3) Proclamation. James I, No. 89.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 25.

MARCH 24
234.
• Geo. Thorpe. "A note ffor Mr Ffelgate to receaue his ffraight" NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 35.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 189.
• D. S.

MARCH 30
235.
• A true relation of a sea fight between two great well-appointed Spanish men of war and the "Margaret and John."
VI.
• Pub: (1) Purchas, His Pilgrimes, IV, bk. ix, ch. 14. (2) Brown, First Republic, 415–416.

1621 APRIL 12
236.
• Wm. Powell. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys concerning a difference with Yeardley.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]
237.
• House of Lords. Draft of "An Act for the freer liberty of fishing and fishing voyages to be made and performed in . . . the sea coasts . . . Virginia, New England . . . and parts of America." HL.
I.
• Ref: Commons Journal, I, 578.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Third Report, p. 21.

MAY
238.
• Whittaker. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, by "Bona Nova", concerning reception of new men. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S. Outlined in Nicholas Ferrar's Autograph.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

MAY 3
239.
• Richard Bucke. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, requesting payment of the sums due.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S., with seal.
240.
• Council of Virginia. Warrant by Council for Lieutenant Saunders to have custody of cattle left in Virginia by Captain Martin. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. III, No. 36, III.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. of Hist., VII, 146.

MAY 9
241.
• Geo. Thorpe and Mr. John Pory. A letter to Sir E. Sandys. Complaints against Powell and Madison. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

MAY 13
242.
• Governor and Council of Virginia. Warrant concerning Capt. John Martin. IV
• Pub: Brown, First Republic, 414.

MAY 15 AND 16
243.
• Geo. Thorpe and John Pory. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys concerning Indians, com- modities, and perplexities of government. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

MAY 15
244.
• George Thorpe and John Pory. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the commodities and need of clothes, etc. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Autograph letter, with an indorsed summary by John Ferrar.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

MAY 16
245.
• Sir Geo. Y[eardley (?)]. Copy of a letter to the New Magazine Company by the Bona Nova, concerning personals. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
246.
• —. Copy by John Pory of a letter to Sir Edwin Sandys in answer to that of Nicholas Hyde. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
247.
• Sir Geo. Y[eardley. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning his acts in the colony and his desire to return home. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. of Hist., X, 286–289 (photograph of signature).
• A. L. S. Indorsement by John Ferrar.

MAY 24
248.
• Abraham Piersey. Two letters to Sr Edwin Sandys, concerning a fishing voyage to New Foundland from James City, and concerning tobacco trade. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. of Hist., X, 418.
• A. L. S. With seal.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]

MAY 27
249.
• Capt. Nuce. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the commodities and lack of provisions.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• In handwriting of a clerk.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

JUNE 9
250.
• Francis Smith. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys. Unimportant. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

JUNE 18
251.
• Privy Council. Order concerning North and South Colonies and their fishing relations.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 58. PC. [LC]

JUNE 22
252.
• Richard Bucke. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, complaining that agreements are not kept by the company. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.]

JUNE 27
253.
• George Thorpe. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning matters of small importance.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.
254.
• Sir George Yeardley. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, concerning the election of a successor and new arrivals in the colony. MC.
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. of Hist., X, 288–289, (photograph of signature).
• A. L. S.

JULY
255.
• John Rowe. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction of a part in the Library of Congress.]
256.
• William Ewens. Covenant on part of Wm. Ewens for 480li to see that the Ship George 150 tuñ is staunch and strong and fitted out with furniture and with marriners and sea- men, to take on passenges and goods and to bring back tobacco from the plantation, with forfeit of 1000li. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 78a–79a.
257.
• Wm. Ewens. Covenant by Wm. Ewens to fit out the Ship Charles, 80 tuñ and take same with fraight and passengers to Virginia for certain [blank] sum. Forfeit of 1000li for not returning ship with freight. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 80–81.

JULY 6
258.
• Nicholas Ferrar and others. Warrant to pay Geo. S[andys] ¥20, addressed to the Earl of Southampton, signed by Nicholas Ferrar, Benett, Blaney, Wyseman. MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Autograph signatures; indorsement by John Ferrar.
• [Photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]

JULY 24
259.
• J. Barnard and others. Warrant to Deputy J[ohn] F[errar] for ¥6 to Joseph Fitch; signed— J. Barnard, N. Rich, Bull, Richard Caswell, John Blande. MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• [Photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]
260.
• Virginia Company. "Instructions to the Governor for the time being, and Counsell of State in Virginia." LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Records, Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 11–14. (2) Instructions, com- mic̃ons, and letters, 1606–1683, 1–19.
• Pub: Outline: Hening, Virginia Statutes at Large, I, p. 114. Outline: Stith, Virginia, pp. 194–196.
261.
• Treasurer and Company. An Ordinance and Constitution of the Treasurer and Company in England for Council and Assembly in Virginia. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec., Virginia Co., III. (2) Instructions, commic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, 21–23.
• Pub: (1) Hazard, Hist. Coll. of State Papers, I, 131–133. (2) Hening, Virginia Statutes at Large, I, 110. (3) Stith, Virginia, app. 4. Outline, p. 196.

JULY 25
262.
• Treasurer and Company. Letter to Governor and Council in Virginia concerning Wyatt as governor. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, ii, 15, 16. (2) Instructions, commic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, pp. 68–75.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, 223–233.

JULY 30
263.
• Privy Council. Copy of a Council order that Lord Treasurer may make warrants of assist- ance for suppressing the importation and sale of tobacco. KP.
I.
• Ref: MSS. of Earl De La Warr.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourth Report, 313.

AUGUST 11
264.
• Virginia Company. Answer to the request of the Walloons and French to plant in Virginia, signed by John Ferrar, deputy. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, No. 55.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 26.
• Transcript: N. Y. Pub. Lib., Bancroft Papers, I, fos. 369–371.

AUGUST 12
265.
• Virginia Company. Letter concerning the sending of maids; Capt. Norton and the Italians, making beads; Mr. Gookin; the French men and families to sail. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 17–18a. (2) Instructions, Commic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, pp. 76–83.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 233–239.

AUGUST 24
266.
• Virginia Company. "A Coc̃ission graunted by vs the Trer Counsell and Company for Vir- ginia vnto our louinge freinds Capt Arthur Guy and Nicholas Norburnes for a Voyage intended to Virginia." BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 70–70a.
267.
• Treasurer and Company of Virginia. Covenant to pay Capt. Arthur Guy, Robert Toakley, and John Packesall 300li more for victuall and transportation of said 100 persons.
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 71–71a. BM. [LC]
268.
• —. Covenant to pay to Capt. Arthur Guy et al. 3li for each tun of goods, provisions, and commodities here put aboard and there delivered. BM.[LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 72–72a.

SEPTEMBER 11
269.
• Virginia Council and Company. Letter to Governor and Council in Virginia, concerning the failure of the old magazine and dissatisfaction with the new. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 19–20. (2) Instructions, commic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, pp. 84–92.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 241–250.

SEPTEMBER 19
270.
• Ed. Blayney. A letter to Sir Ed. Sandys concerning an East India ship. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

OCTOBER 1
271.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, or to N. Ferrar, concerning personal matters.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]

OCTOBER 24
272.
• Privy Council. Order that the Virginia Company is not to have a foreign house for importa- tion of their goods; tobacco to be first landed in England, with respite for four months. (1) PC. (2) PRO. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 173 (new number). (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 201–202.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 26.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 373–375.

OCTOBER 20
273.
• John Stratford. "Mr Tho: Dawson note for all my tobacco sold by him, for mee Wth much labor at this poare rate." NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 39.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 189.

1621, NOVEMBER–1624, APRIL
274.
• Sir Thomas Smith and Alderman Johnson. Reply of Sir Thomas Smith and Alderman Johnson to the petition of John Bargrave. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. III, No. 12.
• Pub: (1) Virginia Mag. of Hist., VI, 378–381. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers,
• Colonial, p. 60.

NOVEMBER 5
275.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning his debts, and also Southampton Hundred. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• [Transcript and photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]

NOVEMBER 21
276.
• Virginia Company. Grant to Daniel Gats to be master of "Darling," and a permit to fish on the coast of Virginia between 33° and 45° N. lat. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 74a–75.
277.
• Council and Company for Virginia. "A Coc̃ission Graunted . . . to John Huddleston for a Voyadge to Virginia and for a free fishinge on the Coast of America." BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 75a–76a.
278.
• —. "A Comission Granted . . . to Captaine Tho: Jones Mr of the Discouery, for the free fishinge on the Coast of America, Tradinge for furs in Virginia." BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 77–78a.

NOVEMBER 26
279.
• Virginia Company. A letter to the governor and council in Virginia, concerning the send- ing of maids and the trading for furs. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 20, 20a. (2) Instructions, Com- mic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, pp. 93–95.
• Pub: Neill, Edward, Virginia Company of London, pp. 263–266.

NOVEMBER 30
280.
• Governor and Council in Virginia. Proclamation warning persons from going aboard ships. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 45a.

DECEMBER
281.
• Nicholas Ferrar. Receipt to John Smyth of Nibley of ¥6 13s 4d for subscription in the "Roule" for trade of furs and for the "Roule" for building of boats and houses. NY.
III.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 36.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 189.
• Signature of Nicholas Farrar.

DECEMBER 3
282.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning his enemies in the Company.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.

DECEMBER 5
283.
• Virginia Company. Letter to the governor and council in Virginia concerning trade and discovery. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 21. (2) Instructions, commic̃ons, etc., 1606–1683, pp. 96–101.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, 267–273.

DECEMBER 15
284.
• Privy Council. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, ambassador at States of United Province, against Dutch settling in North Colony of Virginia (called New England). PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 209.
285.
• Peter Arundell. A letter to Sir Edwin Sandys, complaining at the neglect of the Company, but promising to hide defects. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar papers.
• A. L. S. Transcript and photographic reproduction of part in the Library of Congress.

DECEMBER 23
286.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by the governor and captain-general of Virginia to Dan'l Tucker to trade with the Indians. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 36.

1622
287.
• Draft of a letter to see that grant of the King to the Company of the importation of tobacco for seven years from Virginia and Bermuda is consigned to them. KP.
VI.
• Ref: MSS. of Lord Sackville.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Seventh Report, p. 259b.
288.
• Mr. Wroth. Notes from lists showing total number of emigrants to Virginia, and making total loss 3,000 and survivors 1,700, 1619–1622. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 298.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.
289.
• Patrick Copland. A Declaration how the monies viz., 70¥ 8s 6d were disposed, which were gathered by Mr. Patrick Copland, towards the building of a free schoole in Virginia. Printed. PR.
V.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Third Report, p. 66.
290.
• Bermuda Company. Laws of Bermuda Company on the selection and settlement of "Land in Virginia." XXX, in "Orders and Constitutions" for the Summer Islands. Printed. (1) LC. (2) NY.
V.
• Pub: Le Froy, Memorial of the Bermudas, I, 228.
• An order of court, Feb. 6, 1621/2. Imprint, Felix Kingston.
291.
• John Brinsley. "A Consolation for ovr Grammar Schooles: more especially for all those of an inferiovr sort, and all ruder countries and places, namely . . . Virginia with the Sommer Ilands." Printed. (1) JCB. (2) NY.
V.
• 84 pages, quarto. Printed by Richard Field for Thomas Man. 1622.
292.
• [Virginia Company.] "The Inconveinencies that have happened to some Persons which have transported themselves from England to Virginia, without prouisions necessary to sustaine themselves: For Preuention of like disorders hereafter,—is published this short declaration—of necessaries—." Printed. (1) NY. (2) ANT. (3) JCB.
V.
• Ref: (2) Collection of Broadsides, James I, No. 195.
• Pub: Reprinted in Purchas, His Pilgrimes, IV, Bk. IX, ch. 15, sec. IV.
• Imprinted by Felix Kingston. Broadside. For discussion of edition, see ante, p. 91.
293.
• Edward Waterhouse. "Declaration of the state of the Colony of Virginia with the Relation of the Massacre" and the names of those massacred.
V.
• (1) LC. (2) JCB. (3) HARV. (4) NEWB. (5) PRIV.
• Copies (1) and (2) include "The Inconveniences." See ante No.292.

1622 (?)
294.
• Francis West, Wm. Claiborne et al. Petition to the King on behalf of the distressed subjects, relating chiefly to tobacco. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 15.
• Pub: (1) Virginia Mag. of Hist., VI, 233. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, p. 35.

1621/22 JANUARY
295.
• Virginia Council. Letter to Virginia Company of London, describing the conditions and needs of the colony in detail. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 1–2a.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, 274–286.
296.
• Peter Arundle. Fragment of a letter to John Smyth of Nibley concerning opportunities of Virginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 37.
• Pub: Calendar: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 189.
• A.L.

JANUARY 14
297.
• Virginia Council. Settlement of the wages of tradesmen in Virginia. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 46.

JANUARY 16
298.
• "A Commission granted by vs the Trer̃ Counsell and Companies for Virginia vnto our louinge frend Theodore Wadsworth for a Voyage intended to Virginia." BM. [LC.]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 69–69a.

JANUARY 30
299.
• Virginia Company. The forme of a Patent to such Aduenrs whose shares exceedinge 50aor: are exempted from payinge any Rent to ye Company for the persons they transporte.
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS. 14285, fos. 58–64a. BM. (LC)

1622, FEBRUARY 4 AND 1623, DECEMBER 11 TO 1624, NOVEMBER 27
300.
• Council in Virginia. The Courte Booke. The original minutes of the Courts of the Council in Virginia, held about once a month, to decide controversies, to hold trials of accused persons, to hear petitions, and to pass orders concerning the affairs of the Colony.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Colony. LC.

1621/2 FEBRUARY 12
301.
• Mayor of Plymouth. Request to Lord Treasurer of the fulfilment of the promise that they be not interrupted in a fishing voyage for Virginia as threatened by Sir Ferdinand Gorges. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. cxxvii, No. 92.
• Pub: Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, James I, 1619–1623, p. 344.

FEBRUARY 19 (?)
302.
• State of case and decision between John Bargrave, plaintiff, and Sir Thomas Smythe et al., defendants, with reference to losses of Bargrave by being prohibited free trade in Vir- ginia, according to his patent. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 4, II.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 29.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I. Fos. 437–453.

FEBRUARY 25
303.
• Somers Islands Company. Court for Somers Islands. Committee to consider planting land granted by Virginia Company has not met, and is commanded to meet hereafter: also names of committee. MC. [LC]
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• [Photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.]

MARCH 6
304.
• Somers Islands Company. Court for Somers Islands: To investigate the government and laws for Somers Islands touching the sending of youths to Virginia. MC. [LC]
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• [Photographic reproductions in the Library of Congress.]

1622 MARCH [AFTER 25]
305.
• Virginia Company con. Wye. Defense of Wye. PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libels 81, No. 216.

APRIL
306.
• Colony in Virginia. Letter to Virginia Company of London, describing the massacre and the needs of the Colony. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 3, 3a.

APRIL 9
307.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A brief letter to John Ferrar requesting frequent letters. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

APRIL 12 (?)
308.
• John Bargrave. Charges against the former government of Virginia. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 4, I.
• Pub: (1) Va. Mag. of Hist., VI, 225–228. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, p. 28.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, fos. 465–475.
309.
• —. Petition to the Privy Council, complaining against the company and asking that his new plan of government be considered. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 4.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 28–29.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, fos. 425–427.

APRIL 13
310.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by Governor and Captain-General of Virginia to Capt. Roger Smith to command Charles City. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37.

APRIL 15
311.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Capt. Ralph Hamer for trading. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37.

APRIL 18
312.
• Platrick Copland. "Virginia's God be Thanked, or a Sermon of Thanksgiving for the Happie success of the affayres in Virginia this last yeare." Printed by order of the company. (1)JCB (2)NY (3)NEWB. (4)PRIV.
V.
• Pub: Neill, E., Memoir of Rev. Patrick Copland, Ch. III.
• Dedicated May 22. Printed by J. D. for William Shefford and John Bellmie.

APRIL 19
313.
• Governor in Virginia. Order "By the Governor and Captaine generall of Virginia" to Ralph Hamor to bring the people from Wariscoyack. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 50a.

APRIL 20
314.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by the governor and captain-general of Virginia to Captain Smith to remove the people of Henrico Ileand and Coxendale. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37.

APRIL 22
315.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, alleging that petitions to the King emanate from Sir Thos. Smith, and discussing Spanish accusations. MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

APRIL 25
316.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar concerning value of Peirse in the factional differences. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

APRIL 30
317.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, urging use of "form" in State affairs and approving Capt. Each's proposition with regard to fortifications. MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

MAY
318.
• Sir Francis Wiat. Letter from Sir Francis Wiat, governor of Virginia, describing the massacre.
IV.
• Pub. Outline: Purchas, His Piligrimes, Vol. IV, Bk. IX, Ch. 15, Sec. III.
319.
• "Accompt of the charge of the .4. servants sent into Virginia in the Ship furtherance," NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (36), p. 153.

MAY 2
320.
• Privy Council. Daniell Frank, William and John Ireland, prisoners . . . to be delivered to the "Governor of the Company of Virginia." PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 342.

MAY 7
321.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Capt. Ralph Hamer for trade. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37a.

MAY 18
322.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to captain Smith to command "Pasbehay." LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37.

MAY 20
323.
• Virginia Company. "The Forme of a Patent for such as are Aduenturers by payinge money into the Treasury of ye Company vndertaking to transp: and plant 100: persons."
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 49–53. BM. [LC]
324.
• —. "The forme of a Patent for a Planter only." An indenture between the Virginia Com- pany and Sir Bowyer Worsly. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 54–57.
325.
• —. A grant for a private Plantation to Johnn Bounall, a Frenchman. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 14285, fos. 65–68.

MAY 30
326.
• Capt. John Bargrave. The answer of Capt. John Bargrave to his own aspersions against the present management. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 7, I.
• Pub: Sainsbury Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 30.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, fos, 429–433.

JUNE (?)
327.
• Capt. John Bargrave. Petition to Privy Council, declaring he had stated the present govern- ment good because pressed by the Council for Virginia to do so. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 8.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 30.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, fos. 461–463.

JUNE 10
328.
• Virginia Company. Letter to Governor and Council in Virginia, desiring some commodities sent, and especially silk for the King. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 22, 23.

JUNE 15
329.
• John Pountis. Petitions "To Sr Francis Wyate Knight Governor and Captaine Generall. of Virginia and to the rest of his Maties Counsell in Virginia." LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58.

JUNE 17
330.
• The King. "A copy of the King's letter to the 11s. touching the mainteining of the decree in Chãcery for Sr Tho. Smith against Mr. Bargrave." BM. PRO. [LC]
I.
• Ref: (1) Additional MSS., 12496, fo. 450. Caesar Papers. (2) State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 131, No. 38.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 31–32.
331.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain general of Virginia to Captain Maddison to assist the Potomacks in war. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 37a, 38.

JUNE 19
332.
• John Martin, Robert Haswell. Petition to King to take certain forest land in Virginia into his own hands. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 20.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.
• Court of this date.
333.
• Virginia Company. Answer of the counsell and company to the petition of John Martin and Hassell. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 21.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 21.
• (3) Neill, E., Virginia Company of London, 312–313.
334.
• Adam Dixon. Petition to King concerning the possession of land in Virginia. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 22.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 188–189.
• Court of this date.
335.
• Virginia Company. Answer of the Virginia Company to the petition of Adam Dixon. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 23.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 189.
336.
• William Kemp. The grievances of the inhabitants of Kikatan (Elizabeth City) by the testi- mony of William Kemp. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 23.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 190–191. Court of this date.
337.
• Virginia Company. Answer of the Virginia Company to the grievances of William Kemp.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 23. LC.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 191.
338.
• Capt. Mathew Somers. Petition in the Kings Bench to the King concerning the discovery and right to the Somers Islands. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, p. 24.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 192–193. Court of this date.
339.
• Virginia Company. Answer of the Virginia Company to the petition of Mathew Somers.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 25. LC.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 193–195.
340.
• —. Letter to Captain Argoll. LC
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 27–28.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.

JUNE 20
341.
• Sir Francis Wyatt. Commission to Sir George Yardley to command on an expedition upon the coasts from 33o to 40o to make new discoveries for another settlement. LC.
IV.
• Ref:, MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 38.

JUNE 21
342.
• —. Proclamation against drunkenness, swearing, stealing boats. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 46a.

JUNE 27
343.
• Robert Newland. A letter to Nicholas Ferrar, concerning preparation to sail for Virginia.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• A. L. S.

JUNE 29
344.
• Virginia Company. Propositions to the lord high treasurer concerning the tobacco con- tract. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 31.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 196–198.

JULY 3
345.
• Virginia Company. Propositions to the lord high treasurer concerning the tobacco con- tract. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 50–51.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, I, 215–218.

JULY 10
346.
• Mo(u)rninge Virginia. Printed. (Mentioned in Register of London Company of Stationers, 1562–1638.)
V.
• Pub: Cited: Report of Amer. Hist. Assoc., 1896, Vol. I, pp. 1251–1261.

JULY 9 OR 11
347.
• John Bonoeil. Reprint of the treatise on the culture of silk worms, including:
• (1) The King. Letter to treasurer, deputy, and others of the Virginia Company, recommend- ing the setting up of silk works.
• (2) Virginia Council and Company. Letter to the governor and council in Virginia, endors- ing the King's letter. Printed. (1) HARV. (2) JCB. (3) NY. (4) PRIV.
V.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 31, 41 (King's letter).
• Imprinted Felix Kingston. King's letter is mentioned in Docquet Book, James I. See ante, No. 150.

JULY 11
348.
• Privy Council. Order concerning the Spanish vessel wrecked on coast of Bermudas, of which Virginia Company had made restitution.
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 431. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 202.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State, Papers, Colonial, p. 31.

JULY 13
349.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning a ship arrived from Vir- vinia with news that savages have by surprise slain 350 (circum) of the English. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 132, No. 38.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 31.

JULY 14
350.
• Sir Thomas Wilson. Indians have killed in Virginia 300–400 English, and but for accident man, mother, and child had all been slain. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 132, No. 41.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 31.

JULY 16
351.
• Privy Council. Order for a report on petition of John Bargrave against Sir Thomas Smythe, Alderman Johnson, and others for unjust practices and miscarriage of government of the Virginia plantation. PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 439.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 31. Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft, I, fo. 477.
352.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission from governor and captain-general of Virginia to Daniel Tucker to command a plantation. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 36a.

JULY 17
353.
• Note of articles ready or to be provided for exportation by Virginia Company. BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Cotton MSS., Otho, E. X., fo. 121.

JULY 17 (?)
354.
• Note of arms in the Tower for which the Virginia Company are suitors. To be delivered to them. PRO.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 9.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 32.

JULY 29
355.
• Privy Council. Order of Privy Council that old cast arms in Tower, unfit for modern use, be delivered to Virginia Company for use against Indians. (1) PC. (2) PRO. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 449. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 202.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 32.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, I, fos. 481–483.

AUGUST 1
356.
• Treasurer and Council for Virginia. Letter to governor and council in Virginia, concern- ing protection from Indians and sole importation of tobacco. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 23a–25. (2) Instructions, Commis- sions, and Letters, 1606–1683, pp. 102–107.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 322–333.
357.
• John Smyth. A list of servants remaining in Virginia. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth 3 (37), pp. 153–154.
• Pub: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., Vol. III, pp. 293–294. Catalogue: Ibid., I, p. 187.
• Autograph of John Smith.

AUGUST 12
358.
• Privy Council. A warrant staying the execution of Jas. Wharton and an order sending him to Virginia. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 465.

SEPTEMBER
359.
• John Carter. Petition to the Privy Council of a poor distressed prisoner to be recommended for transportation to Virginia. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 12. State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 133, No. 10.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 33.
360.
• "A warrant to the lord Trẽr, to give order . . . for . . . delivery vnto the Company for the Virginia Plantac̃on of 1000. browne bills." PRO.
I.
• Ref: Docquet Book, Signet Office, Vol. 7.
361.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to Mr. John Ferrar, concerning the discouragements in the Vir- ginia business, the ill effects of the bad news from Lady Wyatt, and his plans for Virginia.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC.
• Pub: Virginia Mag. of Hist., X, 417–418.
• A. L.

SEPTEMBER 10
362.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Sir George Yeardley to make war on the Indians; also for his voyage to Pamunkey. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 38a, 39.

SEPTEMBER 11
363.
• "The Late Massacre in Virginia." "A Poem." PRO
V.
• Ref: Manchester Papers.
• Pub: Cited: Amer. Hist. Assoc. Rpt., 1896, I, pp. 1251–1261.

SEPTEMBER 23
364.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. Letter to John Ferrar, concerning books and letters to be sent to Colony by "Abigail." MC. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

1622/3 BETWEEN OCTOBER AND JANUARY
365.
• Thomasin Woodshawe. Petition to the governor of Virginia. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58.
366.
• Richard Pace. Petition to governor and council in Virginia. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58.

1622 OCTOBER 7
367.
• Virginia Company. A letter to the governor and council in Virginia, concerning further advice about destroying the Indians. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 25a–27.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 347–359.

OCTOBER 13
368.
• Sir Edwin Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, concerning "Ferrar's remembrances." Grieves at desperate condition of Colony. MC. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S.

OCTOBER 18
369.
• Thomas Hamour. Petition to governor and council in Virginia. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58.

OCTOBER 23
370.
• Governor of Virginia. Commission to Capt. Ralph Hamer to force a trade with the Indians for provisions for the Colony. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 39.

OCTOBER 24
371.
• Governor of Virginia. Commission to Capt. William Eden, alias Sampson, to trade for corn, etc., between the lat. 33° and 40°. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 39a.

OCTOBER 31
372.
• Privy Council. Order that, on Thursday A. M., Nov. 14 [1622], the parties on both sides bring witnesses before the L̃ɫds, and the Cape Merchant of the Virginia Company be present. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 509.

NOVEMBER 2
373.
• George Sandis. Petition to governor and council in Virginia concerning the transfer of servants of William Nuce, lately deceased, to his estates in lieu of ¥50 indebtedness.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 39. LC.

NOVEMBER 12
374.
• Governor of Virginia. Commission to Captain Issak Maddison and Robert Bennet to trade for corn between the lat. 33° and 40°. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 39a.

NOVEMBER 13
375.
• John Donne. A sermon preached to the Honorable Companie of the Virginia Plantacon by John Dun (i. e. Donne) deane of St. Pauls, London. Printed.
V.
• (1) JCB. (2) NY. (3) PR IV. (4) MHS. (5) NEWB.
• Imprinted London: A. Neat: for Thomas Jones, 1622.

NOVEMBER 16
376.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton concerning the sermon by the Dean of Pauls. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 134, No. 15.
• Pub: Calendar: State Papers, Domestic, Vol. 134.

NOVEMBER 20
377.
• Privy Council. A warrant to deliver John Carter to Lord Sackville to be sent to Virginia.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 516. PC.

NOVEMBER 26
378.
• Privy Council. Order to Capt. John Bargrave vs. Sir Thomas Smyth to deliver his complaint in writing. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 518.

DECEMBER
379.
• Henry Marten. Decree in case of the Virginia Company with Wye, absolving Wye.
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libels 81, No. 216. PRO.[LC]
380.
• Younge vs. Roberts, on ground that Wye, master of ship Garland, expelled Younge on asper- sions of Roberts. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libels 81, No. 256.

DECEMBER 1
381.
• Doctor Donne. A letter to Sir Thos. Roe, giving particulars concerning his sermon before the King and Virginia Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 134, No. 59.

DECEMBER 9
382.
• John Marten. "The Requests of my brother John Marten to the Virginia Cõpany: his offer touch. that Cõpany." BM. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 12496, fo. 452. (Caesar Papers.)

DECEMBER 10
383.
• Governor and Council in Virginia. Proclamation of governor and council in Virginia against engrossing commodities. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 47.

DECEMBER 15
384.
• Jhõ. [John] Martin. "The manner howe to bringe the Indians into subiection wthout makinge an utter extirpation of them together wth the reasons." BM. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 12496, fos. 459–460. (Caesar Papers.)
385.
• — "The manner howe Virginia may be made a Royall plantation—." BM. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Additional MSS., 12496, fos. 456–457. (Caesar Papers.)

DECEMBER 17
386.
• Council for New England. Letter to be written to the treasurer of Virginia Company against Jones for robbing natives of New England of their furs and taking some prisoners.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, pp. 24–25. PRO.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 35.

DECEMBER 18
387.
• Sir Thomas Coventry. Sir Thomas Coventry (attorney general) to the Earl of Middlesex, returning the Proclamation for Tobacco, corrected. KP.
VII.
• Ref: MSS. of Earl De La Warr.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Fourth Report, p. 315.

[WINTER]
388.
• Captain Butler. Captain Butler's Dismasking of Virginia. (1) LC. (2) PRO. [NY]
IV.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 271–2. (2) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 20.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 171– 173. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, p. 39.

1623
389.
• Governor and Council of Virginia. Petition to the King for the grant of the sole importa- tion of tobacco to them and to Somers Island. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. I, p 5.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, p. 56.

[1622/3]
390.
• Paper touching the discussion of salaries in the Summer Islands company. PRO.
II.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 300.
• Pub: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.

1623 (?)
391.
• Proportion of the charge to furnish and transport six men to Virginia, estimated at ¥114 19a. 6d.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 54. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 56.
• Transcript New York Public Library, Bancroft, II, fos. 5–7.

1623
392.
• Petition for a warrant by the late Undertakers for the importation of Tobacco. At council it was agreed that the Undertakers should receive 3 d. per pound on 28000 pounds.
III.
• Ref: MSS. of Earl De La Warr. KP.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Comm., Fourth Report, p. 283.

1623 (?) OR 1617
393.
• The King. Order to Archbishops of Canterbury and York, requiring them to arrange for the collection of liberal contributions, so that the Undertakers of the Virginia plantation may erect churches and schools. PRO.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 37.
• Pub: (1) Anderson, History of the Church of England in the Colonies, pp. 315–316. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 49.
• Date in Sainsbury, 1623, but given by Alexander Brown, 1617.

1623 (?) EARLY
394.
• Mr. Gibbs. To Sir E. Sa[nd]. Notes of proceedings before Lords Commissioners concerning Captain Butler's unmasking of Virginia, Thomas Smith's records, the "black box," etc.
I.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• Indorsement in the autograph of John Ferrar. Photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.
395.
• Alderman Johnson. "Alderman Johnsons Declaratione of the Prosperous estate of the Colony duringe Sr Th. Smiths tyme of Gouerment." (1) LC. (2) PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. 1, p. 4. (2) Manchester Papers, Nos. 344–346.
• The Manchester paper gives the conclusion.

1622/3 (?)
396.
• Statement of advantages to Virginia and Summer Island companies of a contract in force compared with a previous period from 1619. PRO.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 311.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.
• Autograph of Edward Collingwood (?).

1622/3 BETWEEN JANUARY AND APRIL
397.
• John Robinson's son. Petition to Governor Wyatt. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58.a

JANUARY 3
398.
• Governor in Virginia. Instructions by governor and captain general of Virginia to Tucker concerning trade. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 36.

JANUARY 4
399.
• Charles Harmoun. Petition to Governor Wyatt. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 38.

JANUARY 20
400.
• Virginia Council. Letter from Council in Virginia to Virginia Company of London, acknowledging arms sent, and defending colonists for acts in massacre. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 4–5.a
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 363–376.

JANUARY 22
401.
• Privy Council. Order that John Bargrave forbear troubling Sir Thomas Smith. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I. Vol. V, p. 564.

JANUARY 24
402.
• George Harrison. Letter to his brother, John Harrison. Accounts with Mr. Bennett. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 17.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 36.

[FEBRUARY]
403.
• The Governor, Council, and Assembly of Virginia to the King, representing Capt. Nathan Butler's information entitled "The Unmasking of Virginia." PRO. [NY]
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 20.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 38.
• A. S. Transcript. New York Public Library. Bancroft Papers, I, Fos. 497–527.
404.
• [Sir Nathan. Rich.] Rough notes touching the affairs of the Virginia and Summer Island Companies, especially the salary. (fragment). PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 304.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.

[FEBRUARY]?
405.
• Papers touching discussion of salaries in the Summer Island Company, on Feb. 17, 1622/3, June 10, 1618. PRO.
II.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 309.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.

FEBRUARY 2.
406.
• Privy Council. Order for a contract between the Lord Treasurer on behalf of King and the Virginia Company touching the importation of tobacco. (1) PC. (2) PRO.
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 583. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 203.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 37.

FEBRUARY 4
407.
• Mr. Wrote. Mr. Wrote's Project concerning salaries. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 136.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.
408.
• Objections against the salaries. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 168–169.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.

FEBRUARY 14
409.
• Governor of Virginia. Order or warrant demanding sassafras, 60,000 pounds, to be sent home. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 51a.

FEBRUARY 27
410.
• Proposition agreed on by the Lord High Treasurer of England and the Company of Virginia and the Summer Islands touching the sole importation of tobacco. KP.
III.
• Ref: Duke of Dorset Collection.
• Pub: Peckard, Memoirs of Nicholas Ferrar.

[MARCH]
411.
• [Sir Nathan. Rich.] First Rough Draft of a proposition for the advancement of His Majesty's profit, and the good of Virginia and the Summer Islands by settling the trade of tobacco. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 312, 313.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.
412.
• Paper touching the discussion of salaries in the Summer Islands Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 310.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.

1622/3, MARCH, TO 1624, JULY
413.
• Rough notes of an estimate of the value to the King for a year of the proposed preemption of tobacco and pepper. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 314.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 38.

[MARCH]
414.
• [Sir Nathan. Rich.] Notes on the Tobacco Contract. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 316.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.

MARCH
415.
• G. S. [andys]? A letter to Mr. Farrer by the "Hopewell." PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 318.
• Pub: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.
• A. L. S. Photograph of autograph in the Library of Congress.

MARCH 4
416.
• Privy Council. Order concerning the importation of goods from colony to enforce order of October 21, 1621. (1) LC. (2) PRO. (3) PC. [NY]
II.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 232–233. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 203. (3) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 618.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., Vol. II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 126–127. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 40.
417.
• Governor in Virginia. Order of the governor and captain-general of Virginia to keep the 22d of March holy, forever after. Date of the massacre. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 51a.

MARCH 5
418.
• Virginia Colony. Petition to King concerning the tobacco trade. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 221.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., Vol. II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 221.

MARCH 5
419.
• Frethorne. Copy of a letter from Frethorne to Bateman, describing the distress of the colony due to the massacre. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 317.

MARCH 7
420.
• Virginia Company. Answer to Privy Council, concerning importation of goods and tobacco from colony. LC.
II.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 236–237.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 130–131.
421.
• Order of court for Virginia and Summer Island, concerning Lord Cavendish's ommission of a part of Lord Treasurer's Speech at Counsell Table touching Alderman Johnson. MC. [LC]
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Photographic reproduction in Library of Congress.
• Signed by Ed. Collingwood. Indorsed in autograph of Collingwood.
422.
• A rough draft of above. MC. LC.
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Indorsed in Collingwood's and John Ferrar's writing.
• Holograph of Ed. Collingwood.

MARCH 17
423.
• Extraordinary court of Sumer Island, concerning the grievances of inhabitants of Summer Island. Part of the blurred book (?). MC. [LC]
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Photographic reproduction and transcript in the Library of Congress.
• Marginal entries in autograph of John Ferrar.

MARCH 20
424.
• Reasons offered to Privy Council against Sir Edwin Sandys's contract and joint stock for the Virginia and Summer Island tobacco, and against monopoly of tobacco. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. III, No. 10.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 59.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, 413–429.
• Date in Sainsbury, March 20, 1623/4. On MS. in contemporary writing, March 20, 1622/3.

MARCH 24
425.
• Virginia Company. Petition to the Privy Council concerning importation of tobacco. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 244–248.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., Vol. II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 137–143.

MARCH 27
426.
• [Lord Treasurer Middlesex.] Copy of a letter to officers and farmers of customs, and to Abraham and John Jacob, the collectors who had delayed the passing of the tobacco in a ship from the Bermudas. PRO.
I.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 293.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 37.

1623 MARCH 28
427.
• George Sandys. Letter from George Sandys to Samuel Wrote. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 319.
• Pub: Neill, E., Virginia Vetusta, pp. 122–127. Calendar: Hist., MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.
• Holograph.
428.
• Samuel Matthews. A letter concerning the property of Thomas Sheffield, and his son, who was tongue-tied. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Admiralty Court, Instance and Prize, Libels 80, No. 118.

MARCH 30
429.
• George Sandys. A letter to his brother, Sir Samuel Sandys, imputing the cause of "theyr ill proceedings to ye directions from hence." PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 320.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.
430.
• — A letter to his brother, Sir Miles Sandys, complaining that the colony would have been strong had they settled close together. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 321.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.
431.
• Virginia Council. Virginia Council to Lord Treasurer Mandeville, concerning tobacco.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 21. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 41.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, folios 9–13.

MARCH 31
432.
• William Capp. A letter to John Ferrar complaining of George Sandys, approving the gov- ernor, and censuring the company. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 322.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.

[MARCH OR APRIL (?)]
433.
• William Capps. A letter to Dr. Wynston, censuring the council. A friend of Captain Butler.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 323. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 39.

[APRIL?]
434.
• [Nathan. Rich] Bargrave's charge against Sir Thomas Smyth, with answers in rough draft by [Nathan. Rich.] PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 351.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.

[APRIL OR MAY?]
435.
• Nathan. Butler. A letter to Nathaniel Rich. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 355.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 43–44.
436.
• List of names of persons fit to be Governor and Deputy Governor of Virginia and Summer Island Companies. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 356, 357, 358, 359.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 44.

[APRIL–JUNE]
437.
• [Nathan. Rich] Notes of the "lres from Virginia; all but Frethorne's, wch must be added out of the Coppy at large." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 340.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 42.

BETWEEN APRIL AND MAY
438.
• [N. Rich] Rough notes of heads and references to prove charges of mismanagement against the Sandys faction of the Virginia Company. PRO. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 342.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 42.

BETWEEN APRIL AND JUNE
439.
• Adventurers and Planters. Complaint from adventurers and planters to His Majesty's commissioners against Sir Ed. Sandys et al. in the last four years of the government.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 343. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 42.
440.
• [Alderman Johnson] Part of a draft of a statement (under heads numbered 10–39) touching the miserable condition of Virginia and its causes. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 347, 348.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 42–43.
441.
• Statement "from attestation of divers sufficient understanding sea men" as to the bad condi tion in Virginia. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 349.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.
442.
• [N. Rich] Beginning of rough draft of a certificate affirming the truth of statements of Captain Butler. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 350.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.
443.
• Note of the men sent to Virginia in Sir Thomas Smythe's time, over 600 "confessed," with names of ships conveying them. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 352.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.

[APRIL?]
444.
• Answer of Adventurers and Planters in Virginia and Summer Islands to a petition exhibited to His Majesty by Lord Cavendish et al. in name of Companies. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 353.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.

APRIL
445.
• Alderman Jonnson. Petition of Adventurers and Planters to the King, praying the appoint- ment of a commission to investigate the abuses of the Virginia affairs and propound a reform. (1) PRO. (2) LC.
VI.
• Ref: (1) Manchester Papers, No. 328. (2) MS. Court Book of the Virginia Company, II, 270–271.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Records Virginia Co., II. (2) Neill, Virginia Company of Lon- don, pp. 387–389. (3) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 169–170.
• The indorsement gives Alderman Johnson as the author. The autograph is quite different from Johnson's. This is recorded in the Court Book under the date of April 18.
446.
• "Names of Adventurers that dislike ye present proceedings of business in ye Virginia and Somers Islands Companies." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 327.
• Pub: Brown, Genesis, II, 982.
• Indorsement in autograph of N. Rich.

[APRIL]
447.
• "Articles of Inquirie for the Councrs of Virginia" etc. Addressed to Nath. Rich. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 331, 332, 333.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 40.
• Autograph similar to George Sandys's.

[APRIL?]
448.
• Alderman Johnson. "Alderman Johnson's rough draught to a Com̃ission & the petic̃on to his Maty." PRO. [LC]
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 329.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 40.
• Photograph of part in Library of Congress.
449.
• Heads of inquiries in Virginia by commissioners there. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 334.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 40–41.
• Autograph similar to John Harvey's.
450.
• P. Arundle. Extract from letter of P. Arundle, recounting how Spilman was cut off by Indians, and attributing treachery to the example of Europeans. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 341.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 42.
451.
• Account of a small supply sent to Virginia in the "Bonny Bess," April, 1623. NY.
VI.
• Ref: Smyth of Nibley Papers, Smyth, 3 (38), p. 155.
• Pub: Catalogue: N. Y. Pub. Lib. Bull., I, 157.
• In John Smith's autograph.

BETWEEN APRIL AND SEPTEMBER
452.
• Samuel Moll. Petition to Governor Wyatt to sell and return to England. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59a.
453.
• Thomas Passmore. Petition to Governor Wyatt concerning service of indentured servant.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59. LC.
454.
• Petition to Governor Wyatt by "Margaret and John's" Company, asking freedom from bond to Mr. Douglas. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59.

APRIL 2 AND 3
455.
• Richard Frethorne. A copy of a letter to his father and mother, concerning suffering from want. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 325.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 40.

AFTER APRIL 4
456.
• Council in Virginia. Letter from the Council in Virginia to the Virginia Company in London, telling of the recovery of the colony. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 7.

APRIL 4
457.
• Council in Virginia. Letter to Virginia Company of London, describing attempts for sassa- fras & silke-grass; return of planters to different houses, etc., and treaty with Indians. (1) LC. (2) PRO.
IV.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 6, 6a. (2) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 22.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 41–42.

APRIL 12
458.
• Virginia Company. Petition to the King concerning Alderman Johnson's petition. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 263–264.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 164.

APRIL 7
459.
• Sir Francis Wyatt. A letter to John Ferrar, giving particulars of rebuilding of colony and advising extinction of the Indians and martial law. PRO. [NY]
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 26.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 42.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 33–41.

APRIL 8
460.
• George Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar, relating the distressed condition of the colony.
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, Nos. 27, 35. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 42.
• No. 35 is an autograph letter and is indorsed Sandys to the Company. Transcript, New York Public Library. Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 45–59.

APRIL 11
461.
• George Sandys. A letter to John Ferrar. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 326.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 40.

APRIL 12
462.
• Virginia Company. A relation to the King concerning the proceedings of colonies. (1) LC. (2) PRO.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 255–263. (2) Manchester Papers, No. 360.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 152–162. (3) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 44.
463.
• — A declaration of the present state of Virginia presented to the King. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 253.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 148–151.

APRIL 14
464.
• Christopher Davison. A letter to John Ferrar concerning the arrival of the "Margaret and John" in distress from an attack by the Spanish. PRO. [NY]
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 28.
• Pub: (1) Virginia Mag. of Hist., VI, 243–244. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 43.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 61–65.
465.
• [Nathan. Rich.] Draft of instructions to the commissioners to investigate the Virginia affairs.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 330. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 40.

APRIL 15
466.
• Captain Kendall. A letter from the Summer Islands to Sir Ed. Sandys telling of the blowing up of the "Seaflower," bound for Virginia. MC. [LC]
IV.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• A. L. S. Photographic reproduction of part and transcript in the Library of Congress.

APRIL 17
467.
• Privy Council. An order that, upon hearing Lord Cavendish and others, representatives, a commission be appointed to inquire into the true state of Virginia and Somers Island plantations. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, pp. 668–669.
• Pub: (1) LeFroy, Memorials of the Bermudas, I, 289–290. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 44.

APRIL 18
468.
• Lord Treasurer Middlesex. A letter to Secretary Conway, concerning proceedings in Privy Council for the King's information respecting the differences of the two companies of Virginia and Somers Islands. PRO.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Addenda, Vol. 43.
• Pub: (1) LeFroy, Memorials of the Bermudas, I, 290–291. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 44.

APRIL 19
469.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton concerning the great faction in the Virginia Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 143, No. 22.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 44.

APRIL 21
470.
• "Coppie of the Courte books deliuered by order of the Lords of his Maties Counsell to the Secretary." A Receipt for Court Books from Jan. 28, 1606, to April 2, 1623.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• Photographic Reproduction in the Library of Congress.
471.
• "A Memoriall of some things wch it may please the lls to insert in their Lo, letters to Vir- ginia and the Summer Islands." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 335.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 41.
• Indorsed in Autograph of N. Rich: "deliv. by me to the L. Treas."

APRIL 23, 25
472.
• John Wright. A petition to Governor Wyatt demanding that Mr. Douglas deliver certain goods to him which he had had in partnership with Mr. Langley, deceased, master of ship.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59. LC.

APRIL 24 AND MAY 3
473.
• Petition to Governor Wyatt and Council in Virginia by passengers in the Margaret and John complaining of evil treatment. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 58a.

APRIL 24
474.
• Lord Treas. Middlesex. Lord Treas. Middlesex to Secretary Conway, stating that the draft of the Ireland and Virginia commissioners is ready. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 143, No. 60.
• Pub: Calendar: State Papers, Domestic, Vol. 143.

APRIL 26 AND MAY 3
475.
• John Loyde. Petition to Governor and Council in Virginia demanding freedom from appren- ticement to Langley. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii., p. 59.

APRIL 28
476.
• Privy Council. Order disallowing the letters of the Virginia Company to the colony and dis- solving the tobacco contract. (1) PC. (2) & (3) LC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 674. (2) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. la. (3) Instructions, Commission, and Letters, 1606–1683, pp. 61–62.
• Pub: (1) LeFroy, Memorials of the Bermudas, I, 293–294. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 45.
477.
• Privy Council. Letter to "Governor, Council and Colony in Virginia," urging care of forti- fications, provisions, and habitations. (1) & (3) LC. (2) PRO. (4) PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. 1. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 205. (3) Instructions, Commissions, Letters, 1606–1683, pp. 59–60. (4) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 675.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 45.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 93–95.
478.
• — Letter to the "Councell in Virginia," announcing Act of Court in London concerning Tobacco. LC. PRO.
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 204. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 674.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 45.
479.
• — Copy of a letter to the Governor of Virginia, sent by "Bonny Bess." MC.
I.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
480.
• Planters. Answer of Planters to Captain Butler's "Unmasked face of Virginia" as it was written in 1622. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 275–277.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Neill, Virginia Company of London, pp. 395–404. (3) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 175–183.

APRIL 29
481.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation calling for labor on the fort at Wariscoyack. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 50a.

[MAY ?]
482.
• Nicholas Ferrar. Nicholas Ferrar's computation by which he would prove that to pay but 9d per pound for Planters' tobacco and bring all in is worse than before to pay 12d and be at liberty to bring in what we will. PRO.
VI.
• Ref. Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 74, p. 204. Manchester Papers, No. 354.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 43.
• Indorsed in autograph of Nath. Rich.
483.
• "A Briefe Answere to a declarac̃on made and delivered to his Matie" in Easter week, con- cerning accusations against the colony. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 361, 362.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 44, 45.
• No. 361 is in Nathaniel Rich's autograph. No. 362 is in that of Alderman Johnson.
484.
• [Nicholas] Farrar. "The names of divers Knights, Citizens and Burgesses of Lower House of Commons that are Adventurers and Free of Virginia Compagny and yet have not followed the bussiness for sundry yeares." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 371.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
• Autograph of Nicholas Ferrar. Indorsed in autograph of N. Rich as "by Mr. Farrar."

[MAY]
485.
• [Nath. Rich?] Heads of two letters to be written to Virginia Company by Mr. Secretary, declaring His Majesty's pleasure respecting restraint of factious persons, and suggesting limitation of adventurers. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 372, 373.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
486.
• The Petition and the heads of suggested answer to an intended petition of the Virginia Com- pany to the King to reconsider his letter respecting constitution of their courts. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 374, 375.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
487.
• Alderman Johnson. Draft of Mr. Johnson's observations on the mode of interpreting his Majesty's letter, adopted by some members of the [Virginia] court. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 377.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
488.
• Adventurers and Planters. Petition to the Privy Council by sundry adventurers and planters of the Virginia and Summer Islands Companies, concerning unjust accusations, read by Nicholas Ferrar on April 30. PRO.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 363.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 45.

MAY 2
489.
• Virginia Company. Letter to the Governor and Council in Virginia, concerning commodities and the tobacco contract. Revised by the Privy Council. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 27.a Instructions, Commissions and Let- ters, 1606–1683, pp. 110–112.
• Pub: Neill, Virginia Company of London, 391–394.

MAY 4
490.
• Anthony Hilton. A letter to his mother, concerning the colony. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 364.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 45.

MAY 7
491.
• Virginia Company. True answer to Captain Butler's "The Unmasked face of our colonie in Virginia." (1) LC. (2) BM. PRO.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 286–287. (2) Sloane, 1039, fo. 92 (part of the document).
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 191–194.
492.
• Virginia Council. Declaration to his Majesty by the Counsell for Virginia [in London], con- cerning dissentions in the companies. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 288–298.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 195–205.
493.
• Planters and Adventurers. The answer of planters and adventurers to Alderman Johnson's petition. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 283–285.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 186–191.
494.
• Virginia and Summer Islands Companies. Petition to King requesting thorough investi- gation of Virginia affairs and the return of their records, sequestered 14 days since. LC.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 299.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 205–207.

MAY [BETWEEN 7 AND 13]
495.
• Adventurers and Planters. Petition of "sundry adventurers and planters of the Virginia and Summer Islands Companies to Privy Council to command Lord Cavendish, Sr E. Sandys, Mr. John and Nicholas Farrar to appear with certain writings of May 7." PRO. [LC]
III.
• Ref: Manchester papers, No. 366.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 45.

MAY 8
496.
• Secretary Conway. A letter to Sir Ed. Sackville, from Theobalds, concerning the petition on behalf of Virginia. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 214.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 45.
497.
• —. A letter to Secretary Calvert, from Theobalds, to hasten the passing of the commis- sion concerning Virginia.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 214.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 45.

[PROBABLY BEFORE MAY 7]
498.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation of the governor and captain-general of Virginia to be careful of the savage treachery. LC.
• Ref: MS. Records, Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 47a.

MAY 9
499.
• Privy Council. Commission to Sir William Jones, Sir Nicholas Fortescue, Sir Thomas Gofton, Sir Richard Sutton, Sir William Pitt, Sir Henry Bourchier, and Sir Henry Spiller to investigate the conditions of disputes in Virginia, and report method of procedure. (1) BM. (2) PRO. (3) LC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Additional MSS., 29975, fos. 63–64. (2) Docquet Book, Signet Office, Vol. 7; Patent Roll 21, James I, 19th part. (3) Virginia Misc. Records (Bland copy), pp. 126–132.
500.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation by the governor and captain-general of Virginia for planting sufficient corn. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p.

MAY 11
501.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Captain Smith to build a fort at Warosquayak. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 40.

MAY 12
502.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Gilbert Peppet to trade with ye Indians. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 40.
503.
• —. Commission by governor of Virginia to Capt. Ralph Tucker to go against the Indians. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 50a.

MAY 13
504.
• Governor in Virginia. Warrant of governor in Virginia for sending every twentieth man to work on the fort at Wariscayack. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 51a.
505.
• Privy Council. Order demanding that John and Nicholas Ferrar, of the Virginia Company, be confined to houses till further order, as guilty of contempt of Order of Council Table. (1) PRO. (2) PC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 205–206. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 699.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 526. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 45–46.

MAY 14
506.
• Secretary Calvert. A letter to the Earl of Southampton, notifying the Virginia Company not to proceed with election of officers until the pleasure of King be known.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 29. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 46.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 101–2.
507.
• Secretary Sir George Calvert. A letter to Secretary Conway, stating that election of officers of Virginia Company is ordered postponed by King in Council till next court.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 144, No. 45. PRO.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 46.

MAY 16
508.
• [Nathan Rich.] "Note which I presently took of Captain John Bargrave's discourse to me concerning Sir Edwin Sandys." PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 368.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 45.

MAY 18
509.
• The King. Letter to the Virginia Company concerning the appointment of Commissioners.
I.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 317–318. LC.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 217.

MAY 18, 21
510.
• Privy Council. Orders releasing Lord Cavendish, Sir Edwin Sandys, and John and Nicholas Ferrar. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. I, p. 709.

[AFTER MAY 18]
511.
• Virginia Company. Reasons alleged to persuade the King to reconsider his letter of May 18 not permitting members of Company to meet unless having planters in Virginia.
III.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 376. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
• For the petition formulated, see ante No. 482.

MAY 20
512.
• The King. Copy of a letter to Governor and Company of Summer Islands to keep meetings and place distinct from Virginia Company, and concerning choice of officers. PRO.
I.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 369.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 45.

MAY 22
513.
• Privy Council. Order demanding that all records of Virginia and Somers Islands Companies be delivered to the Commissioners, and that packets from the Colonies be opened by the Commissioners hereafter and be disposed of at will. (1) PRO. (2) PC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 206–207. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. V, p. 714.
• Pub: (1) Brown, A., First Republic, pp. 532–533. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 46.

MAY 29
514.
• Governor in Virginia. Commission by governor and captain-general of Virginia to Captain Pierce to be captain of ye guard. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 40a.

[JUNE OR JULY?]
515.
• Draft of a preliminary report of the commissioners on the condition of the colony of Virginia.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 382. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.

[JUNE?]
516.
• [N. Rich.] Rough draft of a project for the better government of the colony and company.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 381. PRO. [LC]
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.

JUNE (?)
517.
• Virginia Council. Treasurer and council for Virginia to the Privy Council concerning Capt. John Bargrave's Petition. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 7.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 30.

JUNE
518.
• List of 72 patents granted to several persons named, all of whom have divers partners "whose names and several shares we do not know." PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 33.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, pp. 628–630. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 47.
519.
• List of shareholders in Virginia Company, with the number of shares and reason for allot- ment—by purchase or otherwise, March, 1616–June, 1623. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 33.
• Pub: (1) Virginia Mag. of Hist, IV, 299–310. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 47.

JUNE 4
520.
• The King. Letter to the Virginia Company. (1) LC. (2) PRO.
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 319. (2) Manchester Papers, No. 378.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 218–219. (3) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.
• The document in Manchester papers is indorsed "Vera Copia" and bears the autograph signature of Ed: Collingwood, Secre.
521.
• Examination of Captain Isaac and Mary Madison and Serjeant John Harris, taken before Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor, and the Council of Virginia, and Christopher Davison, Secretary, touching supposed contract of marriage three or four days after husband's death; since she has disavowed said contract and formed a new one with William Ferrar. PRO.
IV.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 30.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 563–565. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 46.
• Signed: "Extract," Ed. Sharpless, Cler.

JUNE 14
522.
• Colony in Virginia. Letter to Virginia Company, concerning a settlement about the fort, Martin's Hundred, and the seizing of Dutch and French Traders as prizes. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 348.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 238–9.

JUNE 19
523.
• "Notes Taken out of ɫres wch came from Virginia in the Abigail and were deɫ the Com̃rs"
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, Nos. 338, 339. PRO.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, pp. 41–42.

JUNE 23
524.
• [Sir Nathaniel Rich]. Draft of a proposition, delivered to the Lord Treasurer, for resettling the estate of Virginia. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 379.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.

JUNE 24
525.
• James I. Letter to Virginia Company, to forbear election of officers. (1) LC. (2) PRO.
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 329. (2) Manchester Papers, No. 380.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 220–221. (3) Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 46.

JUNE 25
526.
• A quarter court held for Virginia. MC.
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.
• Original of the entry in the MS. Court Book; see date.

JUNE 30
527.
• Secretary Conway. A letter to Secretary Sir George Calvert, concerning desire of King that the Lords of the Privy Council attend promptly to the business of the Virginia Company until concluded. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 147, No. 88.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 47.

[JULY ?]
528.
• Draft of an answer or notes for an answer to the proposition made by Lord Chichester for the better settling of the Plantation in Virginia. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 387.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 47.
529.
• Captain Baily. I. Project that the King should make a plantation in Virginia or New Eng- land by transportation of poor.
II.
• Project concerning Virginia. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 189, Nos. 36, 53.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 50, 56.

JULY 2
530.
• Virginia Company. Answer to the Privy Council stating that they have taken consideration as to a supply, and asking until Friday to advise. (1) LC. (2) PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 333. (2) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 34.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 226. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 47.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft papers, Vol. II, fos. 113–115.
531.
• Lord President Mandeville. A letter to Secretary Conway stating that the Virginia Com- pany have taken measures for the relief of misery in colony, and are considering rules for better government. PRO. [NY]
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 35.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 47.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft papers, Vol. II, fos. 109–111.
532.
• Delphebus Canne. A letter from Virginia to John Delbridge, concerning want in the colony and the hope for a good harvest. PRO. [NY]
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 36.
• Pub: Calendar: (1) Virginia Mag. of Hist., 373–374. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 48.
• Transcript: New York Public Library, Bancroft papers, Vol. II, fos. 117–123.
533.
• Privy Council. Rules set down for the better government in Virginia. PRO.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 35.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 543. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colo- nial, p. 48.

JULY 3
534.
• Secretary Conway. A letter to Lord Treasurer Middlesex, concerning the refusal of the Virginia Company to comply with the King's request; to be referred to the Attorney- General. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 148, No. 19.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 48.

JULY 4
535.
• Privy Council. Order on a representation of Lord Cavendish and others of the Virginia Company, concerning relief to Virginia planters in danger of famine by a general contribution of the whole company. (1) PRO. (2) PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 207. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 55.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 539. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 49.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 129–131.

JULY [4]
536.
• List of names of those who will adventure, and amounts subscribed for victuals and provisions to be sent to relief of colony and to particular friends. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 38.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 49.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 135–149.

JULY 4
537.
• Privy Council. Order to restore Samuel Wrot to his place of counsellor for Virginia and to have session and free vote in courts, notwithstanding deprivation from counsell and suspension from courts. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 57.
538.
• List of names who will adventure and amounts to be paid to Richard Caswell, chosen treasurer for the present magazine, for necessary provisions for Virginia. Total, ¥727.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 39. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 49.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 125–127.
539.
• "At a Court held for Virginia on Friday in ye Forenoone ye 4th of July, 1623." MC.
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II.
• Original of the entry in the MS. Court Book, see date.

JULY 5
540.
• Lord President Mandeville. A letter to Secretary Conway, concerning the measures taken by the Virginia Company for the relief of the colony. PRO. [NY]
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 40.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 49.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 133–137.

JULY 9
541.
• Virginia Court. "Mr Deputy acquaynted ye Comp̃a that according to ye direcc̃on of ye Last Court he presented to ye LLs, of his Mats privy Counsell a short Declarac̃on that was then ordered to be drawne vp, wherein (among other things) was signifyed of ye Com- panies intent to send a speedy supply to Virginia." MC.
II.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II.
• Original of the entry in the MS. Court Book, see date.

JULY 12
542.
• [N. Rich.] Rough draft of heads of charges against governors of Virginia Company presented to the commissioners. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 386.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 47.

JULY 15
543.
• Record of a meeting of the grand committee to answer to the 15 articles prepared against the company at a meeting of the commissioners. MC.
III.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers.

JULY 17, 23
544.
• Governor Wyatt. Commission to Capt. Pierce to burn ye Indians' Corn; with a minute of the other commissions of that sort and the time when they fell upon the Indians.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec., Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 41. LC.

JULY 19
545.
• Privy Council. Order giving allowance of pay to officers attending on the commissioners to examine the Virginia business. PC.
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 207. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 72.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 50.

JULY 21
546.
• [Secretary Conway.] A letter to Sir Thomas Smythe et al., asking their opinion on Captain Baily's proposition. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 149, No. 16.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 50.

JULY 22
547.
• Privy Council. Order appointing Lords Grandison, Carew, and Chichester to take notes hereto adjoined into consideration, and to frame therefrom such orders as are most fit for regulating the government of Virginia. (1) PRO. (2) PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 194. (2) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 76.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 50.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fo. 141.

JULY 23
548.
• An account of sums subscribed and supplies sent since April last for the relief of Virginia, with the names of vessels. ¥3,300. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 42.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 50.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 157–161.

JULY 26
549.
• John Chamberlain. A letter to Sir Dudley Carleton, concerning the strife between the factions of the Earl of Warwick and of Lord Cavendish. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 149, No. 48.
• Pub: (1) Le Froy, Memorials of the Bermudas, I, 322–323. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 51.

JULY 28
550.
• Lord President Mandeville. A letter to Secretary Conway, stating that the Attorney- General is to pass upon the power of the King to issue another patent to the Virginia Company. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 149, No. 76.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 51.

JULY 31
551.
• Attorney-General Goventry and Solicitor-General Heath. A letter to the King, giving an opinion concerning the resuming of the patent of the Virginia Company.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 43. PRO. [NY]
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 547–548. (2) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 51.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 165–171.
552.
• Note of victuals and provision sent by private persons to Virginia in the "George," which is to go to Gravesend on Monday next. [Total, ¥536.] PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 43. I, II.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 51.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 153–155. [Gives date July 23.]

AUGUST
553.
• Protection to Captain John Bargrave. PRO.
I.
• Ref: Docquet Book. Signet Office.

AUGUST 6
554.
• Virginia Company. Letter to the governor and council in Virginia, concerning the letter of Lords Council in regard to a change in government. LC.
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 28–30. (2) Instructions, Commissions, and Letters, 1606–1683, pp. 113–124.

AUGUST 12
555.
• Lord Chichester. A letter to the Countess of Warwick touching the projected duel between the Earl of Warwick and Lord Cavendish. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: Manchester Papers, No. 160.
• Pub: Calendar: Hist. MSS. Com., Eighth Report, pt. 2, p. 29.

AUGUST 31
556.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation settling the rates of commodities. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 48a.
557.
• — Proclamation about the payment of debts. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 49.

BETWEEN SEPTEMBER AND OCTOBER
558.
• Stephen Gingby and others. Petition to governor of Virginia by Stephen Gingby and the rest of the company belonging to the "Everett" of Midleborough. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 60.
559.
• William Crakeplace. Petition to the governor in Virginia, demanding that the contract with Mr. Langley be fulfilled by Mr. Douglas, his successor as master of the "Margaret and John." LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59a.

SEPTEMBER 4, 8
560.
• John Penreis. Petition to governor and council in Virginia in regard to rights of trading.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 59a. LC.

SEPTEMBER 4
561.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation about trading with Indians for corn in the bay. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 49.

SEPTEMBER 16
562.
• Invoice of goods sent to Virginia by John Harrison in "Marmaduke," John Dennis, master, for use of George Harrison. PRO.
VI.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 44.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.

SEPTEMBER 21
563.
• Governor in Virginia. Proclamation about stealing of birds and beasts of domestical and tame nature. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 49.

1623/4 OCTOBER TO FEBRUARY
564.
• Michael Wilcocks. Petition to Governor Wyatt, demanding that at the end of his year's service William Candy pay him 180 pounds of tobacco and build a house, as agreed.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 60a. LC.

BETWEEN OCTOBER AND FEBRUARY
565.
• Carsten Berksam. Petition to governor and council, requesting to be sent home because of the death of his father. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 60.

1623 OCTOBER
566.
• Thomas Pasmore. Petition to governor of Virginia, concerning payment by Valentine Osserly of money due. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 60.
567.
• Governor in Virginia. Warrant for the levy of taxes. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 52, 52a.
568.
• —. Order reducing the fine for nonpayment of a tax of 66 pounds of sassafras on each man from 10 pounds on each 100 pounds of sassafras to 4 pounds of tobacco. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., pt. ii, pp. 52-52a.

OCTOBER 3
569.
• Lord President Mandeville. A letter to [Secretary Conway], dispatching a messenger after the deputy of Virginia Company, as none of the company will take anything upon themselves in the absence of the governor. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 153, No. 14.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.

OCTOBERS 8
570.
• Privy Council. A letter to the governor and council in Virginia, announcing the intention of the King to change the government of the Colony. Their Lorp. first Order. (1)-(3) LC (4) PRO [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. 2a. (2) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 338–339. (3) Instructions, Commissions and Letters, 1606–1683 (Vellum Book), pp. 63–64. [18th century copy.] (4) State Papers, Colonial, II, No. 45; Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 195–196.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 229–230. (3) Brown, First Republic, 550–551. (4) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 177–181.
571.
• —. Order for Sr William Jones et al., the commissioners, to examine into the state of Vir- ginia and the Summer Islands, to continue inquiry and report to the board at convenient time. (1) PRO. (2) PC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 195. (2) Privy Council Register, James I Vol. VI, p. 123.
• Pub: (1) Brown, First Republic, 550–552. (2) Le Froy, Memorials of the Bermudas, I, 323–324. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol, II, fo. 173.

OCTOBER 11
572.
• George Jemison and Mr. Undergod. "To the right Worli Sr Francis Wyatt Knight Gouernor and Captaine Generall of Virginia. The humble Petĩon of George Jemison" and Mr. Undergod of the ship "Everett." LC
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 60.

OCTOBER 15
573.
• Privy Council. Order dispensing with attendance of Justice Sir William Jones because of his other employments; also ordering commission to appoint certain days for meeting so as to be expeditious. (1) PC. (2) PRO.
I.
• Ref: (1) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 125. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 196.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.
574.
• Virginia Company. Answer to an order of the Privy Council of October 8, 1623, begging respite until November 9. (1) PRO. (2) LC. [NY]
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 340. (2) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 46.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 231–2. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 52.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 185–187. [Date given Nov. 19.]

OCTOBER 17
575.
• Lord President Mandeville. A letter to Secretary Conway, concerning an alteration in the frame of government. PRO.
VII.
• Ref: State Papers, Domestic, James I, Vol. 153, No. 67.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 53.
576.
• Privy Council. An order to the Virginia Company. Second order in council. Copy. (1)-(3) LC. (4) PRO [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. 34. (2) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 341–342. (3) Instructions, Commissions, and Letters, 1606–1683 (Vellum Book), p. 65. (4) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 197–198.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, 238. (3) Calendar: Virginia Mag. of Hist. VI, 382. (4) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 52–53.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 189–191.

OCTOBER 20
577.
• Virginia Company. Answer to an order of the Privy Council of October 17, 1623. (1) LC. (2) PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: (1) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 342. (2) State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 47.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock,Virginia Company, II, 234. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 53.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fo. 201. [Ends with "were of a contrary opinion."]

OCTOBER 20, 24
578.
• Privy Council. Privy Council to the Virginia Company, urging the speedy sending of the ship to Virginia and that the orders should be published in Virginia. (1), (2) & (4) LC. (3) PRO. (5) PC. (6) MC. [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. 3a. (2) MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II, 343. (3) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, pp. 199–200. (4) Instructions, Commis- sions and Letters, 1606–1683 (vellum book), pp.66–67. (5) Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 131. (6) Ferrar Papers.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock,Virginia Company, II, 234–235. (3) Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 53.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 193–195. [Oct. 20.]

OCTOBER 20
579.
• Schedule of names of those present at an extraordinary court of the Virginia Company by appointment of Lords, touching the surrender of the charters, distinguishing those who were for from those against. PRO.
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 48.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 53.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 197–199.
580.
• Governor in Virginia. "A Warrant to Capt. Madison to bring 40 souldiers for ye March."
IV.
• Ref: MS. Records Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 52, 52a. LC.

OCTOBER 22
581.
• Robert Byng. A letter to Nicholas Ferrar, concerning the appointment to a position.
VI.
• Ref: Ferrar Papers. MC. [LC]
• Photographic reproduction and transcript in the Library of Congress.

OCTOBER 24
582.
• Privy Council. Order to John Harvey to investigate the conditions of Virginia—plantations, fortifications, provisions, boats, public works, and relations with the Indians. PC.
I.
• Ref: Privy Council Register, James I, Vol. VI, p. 137.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, Vol. II, fos. 205–207.
583.
• Privy Council. A letter to the Governor and Council in Virginia, instructing Council to assist Commissioners appointed to investigate the Colony. (1) LC. (4) PRO [NY]
I.
• Ref: (1) MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. i, p. 2. (2) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 200. (3) Instructions, comissions, and letters, 1606–1683 (vellum book), p. 62. [18th century copy.] (4) Colonial Entry Book, Vol. 79, p. 200.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 54.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fo. 209.

NOVEMBER
584.
• Sir Thomas Smythe and others. A letter to Secretary Conway, concerning Captain Baily's project. PRO. [NY]
III.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 51.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 54.
• Transcript, New York Public Library, Bancroft Papers, II, fos. 221–223.

1623, NOVEMBER 4 TO 1624, MAY 24
585.
• Quo Warranto and Proceedings, by which the Virginia Company was dissolved. (1) PRO. (2) MC. [LC]
I.
• Ref: (1) Coram Rege Roll, James I, 21 year, Michaelmas Term. Roll No. 1528, mem- branes, 39–63. (2) Ferrar Papers (writ only).
• Photographic reproduction in the Library of Congress.

1623 NOVEMBER 7
586.
• Commissioners for Virginia. Warrant concerning sundry petitions referred to them for examination. They require a trunk of writings locked up under custody of clerks of Privy Council to be delivered to the bearer. PRO.
I.
• Ref: State Papers, Colonial, James I, Vol. II, No. 49.
• Pub: Sainsbury, Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, p. 54.

NOVEMBER 18
587.
• Governor in Virginia. A Commission to the Council of State in the Governor's absence.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 41. LC.

NOVEMBER 19
588.
• Note of shipping, men, and provisions sent and provided for Virginia by the Right Honorable Earl of Southampton and the Company since May, 1623, to this 19th November, 1623.
III.
• Ref: MS. Court Book, Virginia Co., II. LC.
• Pub: (1) Kingsbury, Rec. Virginia Co., post, II. (2) Brock, Virginia Company, II, p. 245.

NOVEMBER 20
589.
• Governor in Virginia. Order to Captain Maddison and other officers to collect sassafras and tobacco. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 52, 52a.
590.
• —. Warrant to Captain Pierse to levy 300 lbs. of tobacco for the fort at Wariscoyack.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, p. 52. LC.
591.
• —. Order to Captain Pierse to levy the tax of October, 1623. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pt. ii, pp. 52, 52a.
592.
• —. A warrant for Mr. Benet for his meanes. LC.
IV.
• Ref: MS. Rec. Virginia Co., III, pp. 53, 53a.